B6-047 Leg and Foot Flashcards
1
Q
the septa of the leg derive from the […] and separate the compartments
A
crural fascia
2
Q
primary functions of the anterior compartment of the leg
A
dorsiflexion
toe extension
3
Q
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg [4]
A
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
4
Q
long thick muscle on anterolateral surface of tibia
A
tibialis anterior
5
Q
tibialis anterior function
A
dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
6
Q
inserts distally at the first cuneiform and first metatarsal base
A
tibialis anterior
7
Q
each of the four tendons of EDL forms a […] over the dorsum of lateral four proximal phalanges that divide into lateral/central slips
A
extensor expansion
8
Q
functions to extend the lateral four digits
A
extensor digitorum longus
9
Q
inserts distally at the dorsum of the fifth metatarsal
A
fibularis tertius
**not to be confused with other fibularis muscles or extensor digitorum longus
10
Q
functions to extend the hallux and dorsiflex the ankle
A
extensor hallucis longus
11
Q
what structures lie in the lateral compartment of the leg? [3]
A
superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
fibularis longus
12
Q
functions in eversion of the foot and plantar flexion [2]
A
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
13
Q
runs obliquely and distally across the sole of the foot to attach distally to the first metatarsal
A
fibularis longus
14
Q
ridge on lateral side of the calcaneous
A
fibular trochlea
**fibularis longus and brevis run through
15
Q
lies deep to fibularis longus
A
fibularis brevis
16
Q
inserts distally on the dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
A
fibularis brevis
17
Q
the medial and lateral tubercle of the talus create a groove for [….]
A
flexor hallucis longus
18
Q
calcaneous articulates with […] superiorly
A
talus
19
Q
calcaneous articulates with […] anteriorly
A
cuboid
20
Q
shelf-like projection of the calcaneous that supports the talus
A
sustentaculum
21
Q
the navicular tuberosity serves as an attachment site for
A
tibialis posterior
22
Q
structures that provide passive support for the arch [4]
A
plantar aponeurosis
short plantar ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
**all contain “plantar”, found on plantar surface
23
Q
structures that provide dynamic support for the arch [5]
A
tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
flexor hallucis longus
fibularis longus
intrinsic muscles of foot
24
Q
runs through groove on posterior talus, inferior to sustentaculum
A
flexor hallucis longus
25
inserts near the medial cuneiform onto the proximal end of the first metatarsal
tibialis anterior
26
help to activate the muscular venous pump in the legs
fascia
27
muscles of the **superficial** posterior compartment of the leg [3]
gastrocnemius
soleus (triceps surae)
plantaris
28
muscles of the **deep** posterior compartment of the leg [4]
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
29
tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels lie deep to the
transverse crural septum
30
two headed muscle that crosses both knee and ankle joints
gastrocnemius
31
main function of gastrocnemius
plantar flexion
32
muscle that lies deep to gastrocnemius
soleus
33
proposed to be a proprioceptive organ for foot position
plantaris
34
small muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg that is often missing
plantaris
35
forms the inferior floor of popliteal fossa
popliteus
36
functions to unlock extended leg by laterally rotating femur on stationary tibia
popliteus
37
flexes great toe
flexor hallucis longus
38
provides groove for flexor hallucis longus
sustentaculum tali
39
flexes four lateral digits
flexor digitorum longus
40
extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis are innervated by
deep fibular
41
extensor digitorum brevis extends phalages [....]
2-4
42
functions of the plantar foot muscles
maintain arches
stand on uneven ground
43
first layer of plantar muscles [3]
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
44
plantar muscles of the second layer [2]
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
45
pulls obliquely on the flexor digitorum longus to assist in flexing the lateral four digits
quadratus plantae
46
lumbricals [...] the MTP joint and [...] DIP/PIP
flex
extend
47
plantar muscles of the third layer [3-4]
flexor digiti minimi brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
opponens digiti minimi (may or may not actually exist)
48
what is the function of the sesamoid bones in the flexor hallucis brevis?
protect first metatarsal head when walking/standing
49
plantar muscles of the fourth layer
interossei
50
plantar interossei [adduct/abduct]
adduct
PAD
51
dorsal interossei [adduct/abduct]
abduct
DAB
52
the medial plantar nerve innervates [4]
flexor digiti brevis
flexor hallucis brevis
abductor hallucis
medial one lumbrical
53
the lateral plantar nerve innervates [6]
flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi
adductor hallucis
interossei
lateral three lumbricals
quadratus plantae
54
what neurovascular pair runs through the popliteal fossa?
tibial n.
popliteal artery
55
what neurovascular pair runs through the posterior leg to the medial malleolus
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
56
provides sensory to dorsum of foot
superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
57
provides motor to fibularis longus and brevis
superficial fibular nerve
58
provides sensory to the webspace between hallux and second digit
deep fibular nerve
59
provides motor to the tibialis anterior
deep fibular nerve
60
a fibular neck fracture might endanger what nerve?
common fibular
61
trauma or compression of the lateral aspect of the leg might damage the [...] nerve
common fibular
62
foot drop indicates damage to what nerve?
common fibular
63
provides sensory to sole of foot
tibial nerve
64
in tarsal tunnel syndrome, what nerve is affected?
distal tibial
65
a Baker cyst indicates a lesion in [...]
proximal tibial nerve
66
what nerve is at risk from trauma to the knee?
tibial
67
what structures lie in the lateral compartment of the leg? [3]
superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
fibularis longus
67
what nerve everts and dorsiflexes the foot?
common fibular (peroneal)
**PED = Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropPED
68
what nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?
tibial
**TIP= Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured can't stand on TIP toes
69
inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole indicates a lesion in
tibial
70
foot everted at rest with weakened inversion and plantar flexion indicates a lesion in
tibial
71
foot inverted and plantarflexed at rest
loss of eversion and dorsiflexion indicates a lesion in
common fibular
72
common cause of shin pain and diffuse tenderness in runners and military recruits
medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)
73
caused by bone reabsorption that outpaces bone formation in the tibial cortex
medial tibial stress syndrom (shin splints)
74
inflammation of plantar aponeurosis characterized by heel pain and tenderness
plantar fasciitis
75
popliteal fluid collection in gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa
Baker's cyst (popliteal cyst)
76
where the fascia lata meets the abdomen
inguinal ligament
77
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg [4]
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
78
primary functions of anterior compartment of leg
dorsiflexion
toe extension
79
common compartmental syndrome of the anterior compartment
shin splints
80
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular (arises from common fibular)
81
numbness/paresthesia of the skin between the first and second digits indicates damage to the [...] nerve
deep fibular
82
what nerve innervates the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?
deep fibular
**dorsal intrinsics are extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
83
what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
anterior tibial a. (from popliteal)
84
near what landmark does the popliteal a. divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries?
tibial tuberosity
85
the anterior tibial artery terminates as the [...] artery
dorsalis pedis
86
main function of the lateral compartment of the leg
eversion
87
what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular (from common fibular)
88
what nerve supplies most of the dorsal surface of the foot and digits?
superficial fibular (from common fibular)
89
what artery supplies the lateral compartment and what does it branch off?
fibular artery (from posterior tibial)
90
popliteal fossa contents from superficial to deep
nerves
popliteal vein, lymph nodes
popliteal artery
91
deepest structure in popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
92
the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery after passing through
adductor hiatus
93
the femoral artery becomes the [...] after passing through adductor hiatus
popliteal a.
94
popliteal artery gives rise to [...] branches
genicular
95
what vessels ensure blood flow when the knee is in deep flexion?
genicular
96
4 genicular branches he said were important
superior lateral genicular
superior medial genicular
inferior medial genicular
inferior lateral genicular
97
what vessels lie in the adductor canal? [4]
femoral artery
descending genicular artery
musculoarterial branch (articular)
saphenous branch
98
descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex is important because
participates in cruciate anastomosis. if femoral artery is severed, blood can still get to the lower leg via this branch
99
popliteal artery terminates by dividing into [2]
anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery
100
lymph from posterior aspect of the leg drains to
popliteal nodes
101
lymph from the thigh and anterior leg drains to
inguinal nodes
102
provides innervation for the posterior compartment of leg and entire foot
tibial nerve
103
what nerve is susceptible to injury of the fibula
common fibular nerve
104
foot drop indicates damage to what nerve?
common fibular
**clopping sound
105
provides sensory to posterior aspect of the leg and lateral side of foot
sural nerve
106
what nerves join to form the sural nerve? [3]
medial sural (from tibial)
lateral sural (from common fibular)
sural communicating branch (from lateral sural cutaneous)
107
superficial posterior group of leg muscles [3]
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
108
deep posterior group of leg muscles [4]
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
109
what vessel gives rise to dorsalis pedis?
anterior tibial a.
110
what vessel gives rise to medial and lateral plantar a.?
posterior tibial a.
111
the medial and lateral plantar arteries supply
the sole and plantar compartment of the foot
112
innervates anterior leg muscles
deep fibular n. (from common fibular)
113
tibialis anterior functions to
dorsiflex the ankle joint
114
what nerve provides sensation to the web space between the first and second toes?
deep fibular n.
115
loss of dorsiflexion of the ankle indicates damage to
deep fibular n.
116
what nerve lies superficial to the fibular neck?
common fibular n.
117
what nerve is at risk in a fibular head fx?
common fibular n.
118
semimembranousus and semitendinosus attach to the [...] aspect of the leg
medial
119
posterior muscles of the leg are innervated by
tibial nerve
120
what nerve lies deep to the flexor retinaculum?
tibial n.
121
what nerve is at risk in an injury to the flexor retinaculum?
tibial n.
122
provides sensory to the skin of the medial foot
saphenous n.
123
loss of sensation of skin covering the heel and sole of foot indicates damage to
medial and lateral plantar (off tibial n.)
124
provides sensory to the posterior/lateral leg and lateral foot
sural
125
major dorsiflexor of the ankle joint
tibialis anterior
126
what causes shin splints?
hypertrophy of anterior muscles squeezes anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve
