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M&M Test 2 > B6-047 Leg and Foot > Flashcards

B6-047 Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

the septa of the leg derive from the […] and separate the compartments

A

crural fascia

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2
Q

primary functions of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexion
toe extension

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3
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg [4]

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

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4
Q

long thick muscle on anterolateral surface of tibia

A

tibialis anterior

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5
Q

tibialis anterior function

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

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6
Q

inserts distally at the first cuneiform and first metatarsal base

A

tibialis anterior

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7
Q

each of the four tendons of EDL forms a […] over the dorsum of lateral four proximal phalanges that divide into lateral/central slips

A

extensor expansion

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8
Q

functions to extend the lateral four digits

A

extensor digitorum longus

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9
Q

inserts distally at the dorsum of the fifth metatarsal

A

fibularis tertius

**not to be confused with other fibularis muscles or extensor digitorum longus

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10
Q

functions to extend the hallux and dorsiflex the ankle

A

extensor hallucis longus

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11
Q

what structures lie in the lateral compartment of the leg? [3]

A

superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
fibularis longus

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12
Q

functions in eversion of the foot and plantar flexion [2]

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

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13
Q

runs obliquely and distally across the sole of the foot to attach distally to the first metatarsal

A

fibularis longus

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14
Q

ridge on lateral side of the calcaneous

A

fibular trochlea

**fibularis longus and brevis run through

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15
Q

lies deep to fibularis longus

A

fibularis brevis

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16
Q

inserts distally on the dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal

A

fibularis brevis

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17
Q

the medial and lateral tubercle of the talus create a groove for [….]

A

flexor hallucis longus

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18
Q

calcaneous articulates with […] superiorly

A

talus

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19
Q

calcaneous articulates with […] anteriorly

A

cuboid

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20
Q

shelf-like projection of the calcaneous that supports the talus

A

sustentaculum

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21
Q

the navicular tuberosity serves as an attachment site for

A

tibialis posterior

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22
Q

structures that provide passive support for the arch [4]

A

plantar aponeurosis
short plantar ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

**all contain “plantar”, found on plantar surface

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23
Q

structures that provide dynamic support for the arch [5]

A

tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
flexor hallucis longus
fibularis longus
intrinsic muscles of foot

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24
Q

runs through groove on posterior talus, inferior to sustentaculum

A

flexor hallucis longus

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25
Q

inserts near the medial cuneiform onto the proximal end of the first metatarsal

A

tibialis anterior

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26
Q

help to activate the muscular venous pump in the legs

A

fascia

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27
Q

muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg [3]

A

gastrocnemius
soleus (triceps surae)
plantaris

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28
Q

muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg [4]

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

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29
Q

tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels lie deep to the

A

transverse crural septum

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30
Q

two headed muscle that crosses both knee and ankle joints

A

gastrocnemius

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31
Q

main function of gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexion

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32
Q

muscle that lies deep to gastrocnemius

A

soleus

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33
Q

proposed to be a proprioceptive organ for foot position

A

plantaris

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34
Q

small muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg that is often missing

A

plantaris

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35
Q

forms the inferior floor of popliteal fossa

A

popliteus

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36
Q

functions to unlock extended leg by laterally rotating femur on stationary tibia

A

popliteus

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37
Q

flexes great toe

A

flexor hallucis longus

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38
Q

provides groove for flexor hallucis longus

A

sustentaculum tali

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39
Q

flexes four lateral digits

A

flexor digitorum longus

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40
Q

extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis are innervated by

A

deep fibular

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41
Q

extensor digitorum brevis extends phalages [….]

A

2-4

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42
Q

functions of the plantar foot muscles

A

maintain arches
stand on uneven ground

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43
Q

first layer of plantar muscles [3]

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis

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44
Q

plantar muscles of the second layer [2]

A

quadratus plantae
lumbricals

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45
Q

pulls obliquely on the flexor digitorum longus to assist in flexing the lateral four digits

A

quadratus plantae

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46
Q

lumbricals […] the MTP joint and […] DIP/PIP

A

flex
extend

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47
Q

plantar muscles of the third layer [3-4]

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
opponens digiti minimi (may or may not actually exist)

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48
Q

what is the function of the sesamoid bones in the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

protect first metatarsal head when walking/standing

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49
Q

plantar muscles of the fourth layer

A

interossei

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50
Q

plantar interossei [adduct/abduct]

A

adduct

PAD

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51
Q

dorsal interossei [adduct/abduct]

A

abduct

DAB

52
Q

the medial plantar nerve innervates [4]

A

flexor digiti brevis
flexor hallucis brevis
abductor hallucis
medial one lumbrical

53
Q

the lateral plantar nerve innervates [6]

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi
adductor hallucis
interossei
lateral three lumbricals
quadratus plantae

54
Q

what neurovascular pair runs through the popliteal fossa?

A

tibial n.
popliteal artery

55
Q

what neurovascular pair runs through the posterior leg to the medial malleolus

A

tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery

56
Q

provides sensory to dorsum of foot

A

superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve

57
Q

provides motor to fibularis longus and brevis

A

superficial fibular nerve

58
Q

provides sensory to the webspace between hallux and second digit

A

deep fibular nerve

59
Q

provides motor to the tibialis anterior

A

deep fibular nerve

60
Q

a fibular neck fracture might endanger what nerve?

A

common fibular

61
Q

trauma or compression of the lateral aspect of the leg might damage the […] nerve

A

common fibular

62
Q

foot drop indicates damage to what nerve?

A

common fibular

63
Q

provides sensory to sole of foot

A

tibial nerve

64
Q

in tarsal tunnel syndrome, what nerve is affected?

A

distal tibial

65
Q

a Baker cyst indicates a lesion in […]

A

proximal tibial nerve

66
Q

what nerve is at risk from trauma to the knee?

A

tibial

67
Q

what structures lie in the lateral compartment of the leg? [3]

A

superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
fibularis longus

67
Q

what nerve everts and dorsiflexes the foot?

A

common fibular (peroneal)

**PED = Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropPED

68
Q

what nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?

A

tibial

**TIP= Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured can’t stand on TIP toes

69
Q

inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole indicates a lesion in

A

tibial

70
Q

foot everted at rest with weakened inversion and plantar flexion indicates a lesion in

A

tibial

71
Q

foot inverted and plantarflexed at rest
loss of eversion and dorsiflexion indicates a lesion in

A

common fibular

72
Q

common cause of shin pain and diffuse tenderness in runners and military recruits

A

medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)

73
Q

caused by bone reabsorption that outpaces bone formation in the tibial cortex

A

medial tibial stress syndrom (shin splints)

74
Q

inflammation of plantar aponeurosis characterized by heel pain and tenderness

A

plantar fasciitis

75
Q

popliteal fluid collection in gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa

A

Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst)

76
Q

where the fascia lata meets the abdomen

A

inguinal ligament

77
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg [4]

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

78
Q

primary functions of anterior compartment of leg

A

dorsiflexion
toe extension

79
Q

common compartmental syndrome of the anterior compartment

A

shin splints

80
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular (arises from common fibular)

81
Q

numbness/paresthesia of the skin between the first and second digits indicates damage to the […] nerve

A

deep fibular

82
Q

what nerve innervates the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?

A

deep fibular

**dorsal intrinsics are extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

83
Q

what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial a. (from popliteal)

84
Q

near what landmark does the popliteal a. divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

A

tibial tuberosity

85
Q

the anterior tibial artery terminates as the […] artery

A

dorsalis pedis

86
Q

main function of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

eversion

87
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular (from common fibular)

88
Q

what nerve supplies most of the dorsal surface of the foot and digits?

A

superficial fibular (from common fibular)

89
Q

what artery supplies the lateral compartment and what does it branch off?

A

fibular artery (from posterior tibial)

90
Q

popliteal fossa contents from superficial to deep

A

nerves
popliteal vein, lymph nodes
popliteal artery

91
Q

deepest structure in popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

92
Q

the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery after passing through

A

adductor hiatus

93
Q

the femoral artery becomes the […] after passing through adductor hiatus

A

popliteal a.

94
Q

popliteal artery gives rise to […] branches

A

genicular

95
Q

what vessels ensure blood flow when the knee is in deep flexion?

A

genicular

96
Q

4 genicular branches he said were important

A

superior lateral genicular
superior medial genicular
inferior medial genicular
inferior lateral genicular

97
Q

what vessels lie in the adductor canal? [4]

A

femoral artery
descending genicular artery
musculoarterial branch (articular)
saphenous branch

98
Q

descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex is important because

A

participates in cruciate anastomosis. if femoral artery is severed, blood can still get to the lower leg via this branch

99
Q

popliteal artery terminates by dividing into [2]

A

anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery

100
Q

lymph from posterior aspect of the leg drains to

A

popliteal nodes

101
Q

lymph from the thigh and anterior leg drains to

A

inguinal nodes

102
Q

provides innervation for the posterior compartment of leg and entire foot

A

tibial nerve

103
Q

what nerve is susceptible to injury of the fibula

A

common fibular nerve

104
Q

foot drop indicates damage to what nerve?

A

common fibular

**clopping sound

105
Q

provides sensory to posterior aspect of the leg and lateral side of foot

A

sural nerve

106
Q

what nerves join to form the sural nerve? [3]

A

medial sural (from tibial)
lateral sural (from common fibular)
sural communicating branch (from lateral sural cutaneous)

107
Q

superficial posterior group of leg muscles [3]

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

108
Q

deep posterior group of leg muscles [4]

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

109
Q

what vessel gives rise to dorsalis pedis?

A

anterior tibial a.

110
Q

what vessel gives rise to medial and lateral plantar a.?

A

posterior tibial a.

111
Q

the medial and lateral plantar arteries supply

A

the sole and plantar compartment of the foot

112
Q

innervates anterior leg muscles

A

deep fibular n. (from common fibular)

113
Q

tibialis anterior functions to

A

dorsiflex the ankle joint

114
Q

what nerve provides sensation to the web space between the first and second toes?

A

deep fibular n.

115
Q

loss of dorsiflexion of the ankle indicates damage to

A

deep fibular n.

116
Q

what nerve lies superficial to the fibular neck?

A

common fibular n.

117
Q

what nerve is at risk in a fibular head fx?

A

common fibular n.

118
Q

semimembranousus and semitendinosus attach to the […] aspect of the leg

A

medial

119
Q

posterior muscles of the leg are innervated by

A

tibial nerve

120
Q

what nerve lies deep to the flexor retinaculum?

A

tibial n.

121
Q

what nerve is at risk in an injury to the flexor retinaculum?

A

tibial n.

122
Q

provides sensory to the skin of the medial foot

A

saphenous n.

123
Q

loss of sensation of skin covering the heel and sole of foot indicates damage to

A

medial and lateral plantar (off tibial n.)

124
Q

provides sensory to the posterior/lateral leg and lateral foot

A

sural

125
Q

major dorsiflexor of the ankle joint

A

tibialis anterior

126
Q

what causes shin splints?

A

hypertrophy of anterior muscles squeezes anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve

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