B5.1 - Inheritance

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Different version of the same gene

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Unit of inheritance

A sequence of bases that code for a specific protein

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

The expression of the genotype/appearence

Question 4

What factors can affect the phenotype

Answer 4

Environmental changes
Genotype
Random muration

Question 5

Variation

Answer 5

Differences within a species

Often a result of random mutation

Question 6

Genetic variation

Answer 6

Caused by genes inherited from parents

Question 7

What can be affected by genetic variation

Answer 7

Eye colour
Hair colour
Blood group
Presence of a genetic disorder

Question 8

Most features are caused by multiple genes

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Discontinuous variation

Answer 9

Eye colour

Something which is a set value

Question 10

Continuous variation

Answer 10

Can be anything within an infinite range

E.f. Heihgt

Question 11

Characteristics of asexual reproduction

Answer 11

Faster
Needs only one parent
More offspring produce
Genetically identical offspring/clones - this reduces variation and leaves the species more vulnerable to pathogens

Question 12

Characteristics of sexual reproduction

Answer 12

Two parents, male and female
Slower
Less offspring
NOT genetically identical - meaning more variation - which is good

Happens mostly in animals, in some plants

Question 13

Diploid

Answer 13

Full number of chromosomes

These are the normal body cells

Question 14

Haploid

Answer 14

Only half the number

In gametes

Question 15

Name of cell after fertilisation

Answer 15

Zygote/embryo - which then replicates with mitosis to make new organisms

Question 16

Difference between meiosis and mitosis

Answer 16

Mitosis - 2 genetically identical daughter cells are made, makes diploid cells

Meiosis - 4 NOT identical daughter cells produced, makes haploid cells, makes gametes

Question 17

Dominant allele

Answer 17

A version of a gene which only requires one or more of it to present in a genotype, for it to be expressed

Question 18

Recessive allele

Answer 18

A version of a gene which has to have two of it present to be expressed

Question 19

Homozygous

Answer 19

Two same allels

Question 20

Heterozygous

Answer 20

Two differnt alleles

Question 21

How can u predict a genetic cross

Answer 21

Use a pinnet swuare

Question 22

How to determine male or female from the 23rd pair of chromosomes

Answer 22

XY is male - hence a sperm cell carries either an X or a Y

XX is female, hence egg cells can only carry X

Question 23

Mutation

Answer 23

Random change within the sequence of DNA bases

Question 24

What can mutations lead to

Answer 24

Cancer - divine uncontrollably

Production of abnormal proteins

Cause different shaped proteins to be made

Some mutations do. Nothing

Some are beneficial - e.g. antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 25

What happens with mutation in non-coding DNA

Answer 25

no-coding DNA controls the protein synthesis. Hence the process can be completely stopped, cause it to happen more then necessary

Question 26

What happens with mutation in coding DNA

Answer 26

Different shaped protein

Altered active site