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Biology > B1.1 - Cell Structures > Flashcards

B1.1 - Cell Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Sub cellular structure

A

Structures within the cell

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2
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Contain a nucleus - e.g. plant and animal cells

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Do NOT have a nucleus - e.g. bacteria cellp

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like substance where all chemical reactions happen. Helps keep the cells alive

In all animal, plant, and bacteria cells

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

A selective barrier that controls which substance pass in/out of the cell. Contains receptor molecules

In all animal, plant, and bacterial cells

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cella activity. Contains genetic material. Determines cell appearance and function. Contains instructions on how to make new cells/organisms

In only animal and plant cells

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Contains enzymes for cellular respiration .

In animal and plant cells

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8
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Contain green Chlorophyll which transfer light energy from sun to be used in photosynthesis. Only in the green parts of a plant

Only in plant cells

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Full of cell sap (contains water and sugar). Keeps cell rigid and supports plant.

Only in plant cell

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

Surrounds cell. Made of tough fibre cellulose. Makes wall rigid. Supports cell

Only in plant cell

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11
Q

Plants make their own food. T/F?

A

True :)

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12
Q

Bacteria

A

Smallest living organisms. Unicellular (one cell only).

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13
Q

Rough Size of bacteria

A

1 μm (micrometer)

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14
Q

Flagellum (bac only)

A

Tail like structure allowing cell to move though liquid

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15
Q

Pili (bac only)

A

Tiny hair like structure ps enabling cell to attach to stuff. Transfer genetic material between bacteria

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16
Q

Slime capsule (bac only)

A

Located outside cell wall. Protects bacterium from drying out and from poisonous substances. Helps stick to smooth surfaces

17
Q

Plasmid (bac only)

A

Circular piece of DNA. Stores extra genes.
Not needed for everyday life, but for times of stress
(E.g. this is where antibiotic resistance genes are found)

18
Q

Microscope

A

Helps observe small structures in detail

19
Q

How does light microscope work?

A

Passes light through object placed on clear stage - passed through two lenses which magnify it

20
Q

Steps to set up light microscope

A
  1. Move stage lowest
  2. Select lowest objective lens
  3. Place slide on the stage and fix
  4. Raise stage to highest (do not touch lens)
  5. Slowly lower stage w/ course focus
  6. Turn fine focus until object in full focus
  7. For more detail, use high objective lens
21
Q

Total magnification equation

A

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

22
Q

Why stain cells?

A

Cells are colourless. Staining makes them easier to see

23
Q

Methylene blue

A

Helps see NUCLEUS of ANIMAL CELL

24
Q

Iodine

A

Helps see NUCLEUS of PLANT CELL

25
Q

Crystal violet

A

Helps see CELL WALL of BACTERIA

26
Q

Steps to apply stain:

A
  1. Place on glass slide
  2. Add one drop of stain
  3. Place coverslip in top
  4. Tap cover slip gently to remove air bubble
27
Q

Resolution

A

Smallest distance between two points that are seen as separate entities

28
Q

Electron microscope

A

Uses electron beams to produce an image

29
Q

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A

Produce most magnified images

30
Q

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)

A

Produce 3D Images

31
Q

Advantages of light microscope

A
  • cheap
  • small and portable
  • simple sample preparation
  • specimens can be living or dead
  • natural colour is seen unless stained
32
Q

Disadvantages of light microscopes

A
  • low resolution

- low magnification

33
Q

Advantages of electron microscopes

A
  • higher resolution

- higher magnification

34
Q

Disadvantage of electron microscopes

A
  • expensive
  • large and difficult to move
  • sample preparation complex
  • black and white imaged produced (colour can be added)
  • specimens have to be dead

Biology (16 decks)

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