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Biology > B3.1 - The Nervous System > Flashcards

B3.1 - The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Order of parts of nervous system

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor cells
Sensory neurones
Spinal cord
Brain
Spinal cord 
Motor neurones
Effectors (muscles or glands)
Response
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2
Q

Order of reflex

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor cells
Sensory neurones
Spinal cord (relay neurones in this)
Motor neurones 
Effectors (muscles and glands)
Response
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3
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

Spinal cord and brain

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4
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

All other parts of the nervous systems

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5
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

Detects a change in the EXTERNAL ENVIRONMETN and uses electrical impulse to to help the brain process the response to the external environment

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6
Q

Sensory neurones

A

Carry electrical impulse from receptors cells to spinal cord

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7
Q

Motor neurones

A

Carry electrical impulse from CNS to effectors

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8
Q

Relay neurones

A

Carry electrical impulses from sensory to motor neurones

Only found in CNS

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9
Q

Adaptations of a neurone

A
  1. Myelin sheath - insulates the axon, to prevent the electrical impulse getting lost
  2. Long axon - to speed up the travel of the electrical impulses without too much time being taken up on the synapses
  3. Many dendrites - allows multiple connections to form between
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10
Q

How to identify a sensory neurone

A

Has a DENDRON and the nucleus is in the MIDDLE

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11
Q

How to identify a motor neurone

A

It has an AXON and the nucleus is one ONE END

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12
Q

What does the dendron do

A

Transmits the electrical impulse TO THE CELL BODY

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13
Q

What does an Axon do?

A

Transmits the electrical impulse AWAY from the cell body

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14
Q

What are dendrites

A

The little dots at the end of the branches - used to connect neurones

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15
Q

What is the difference between a neurone and a nerve

A

Neurones are INDIVIDUAL specialised cells used to transmit electrical impulses

NERVES ARE A LARGE GROUP OF NEURONES

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16
Q

Why is it important for the reflex arc to miss the brain

A

By missing out the brain, you body reacts faster than it normally would

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17
Q

Reflex arcs are involuntary

A

Yes, stimmt

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18
Q

When are reflex arcs usually used

A

In emergencies/ situations that need a very quick response

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19
Q

What is the Cornea

A

Transparent coating at front of eye

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20
Q

Purpose of cornea

A

Protect eye

Refract light rays entering

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21
Q

What is the Pupil

A

Central black hole in iris

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22
Q

Purpose of pupil

A

To allow light to enter

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23
Q

What is teh Iris

A

Ring of coloured muscle tissue around the pupil

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24
Q

Purpose of iris

A

To control pupil size by contracting/relaxing, therefore controlling amount of lihgt netering

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25
What is teh Lens
Transparent BICONCAVE lens
26
Purpose of lens
Focuses the light on retina
27
What is the ciliary body
Ring of muscle tissue
28
Purpose of ciliary body
Alters Lens shape
29
What are suspensory ligaments
Ligament tisuue
30
Purpose of suspensory ligaments
Connects ciliary muscle to lens
31
What is the optic nerve
Nervous tissue
32
Purpose of optic nerve
Carries nerve impulse to brain
33
What is teh retina
Tissue @ back of eye contains rods and cones which help form an image with refracted light
34
Scientific name for Long sight
HYPEROPIA
35
Scientific name for short sight
Myopia
36
When your long sight, what is wrong w/the lens in eye and what does it cause
Eye lens is to weak or eyeball is too short - does not refract light enough and focuses it at the back of the retina
37
How to fix hyperopia
Add convex lens in glasses, in order to refract the light more
38
What is wrong W/ eye lens when short sighted and what does it cause
Lens too strong or eyeball to long - causes the light rays to refract too much and focus too far in front of the retina
39
How to fix myopia
Use concave lens in glasses to refract ray less and focus on the retina
40
Rod cells
Detect LIGHT (not colour) allow to see in low light levels
41
Cone cells
Detect COLOUR (respond to blue, green and red light)
42
Colour blindness cause
When the cone cells in retina do not work properly and cannot accurately detect colour
43
Common colour blindness
Red and green colour blindness affecting mostly males
44
Cerebrum
Controls COMPLEX BEHAVIOUR such as memory, learning, personality and conscious thought
45
Cerebellum
Controls posture, balance and involuntary movement
46
Medulla
Controls all automatic/involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate
47
Hypothalamus
Regulates temperature and water balance
48
Pituitary gland
Stores and release hormones which regulate many body functions
49
Ways to remember brain parts
CEREBRUM - looks like worms MEDULLA - just above spinal cord CEREBELLUM - looks like a leaf HYPOTHALAMUS - kidney looking think next to cerebellum PITUITARY GLAND - in the hypothalamus, small sticky our part
50
Brain
Organ that controls all body processes
51
CT Scan stands for..
Computer tomography
52
What does CT scan do
Creates 3D Images | CANNOT BE USE REGUALARLY BECUSE IT USES X-RAYS
53
What does MRI scan stand for
Magnetic Resonance imaging scan
54
What does MRI scan do
Uses magnets to identify brain problems
55
fMRI stands for
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
56
What does fMRI scan do?
Produces real time images of brain
57
Why is it difficult to investigate the brain
Difficult for patients consent Difficult to repair damage A mistake can lead to further irreversible damage
58
Effects of nervous system damage (inc. PNS AND CNS)
Loss of pain / numbness | Loss of co-ordination
59
Effects of CNS damage
Loss of body control or systems Partial/complete paralysis Memory loss Process difficulties All of this is permanent
60
Why is it difficult to repair the CNS
Very small and complex and it is difficult to identify and repair the individual damaged component, without possibly damaging other ones
61
Possible treatments for CNS damage
Radiotherapy for brain tumour Chemotherapy for brain tumour Deep brain stimulation Surgery to remove damaged part

Biology (16 decks)

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