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Biology > B3.1 - The Nervous System > Flashcards

B3.1 - The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Order of parts of nervous system

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor cells
Sensory neurones
Spinal cord
Brain
Spinal cord 
Motor neurones
Effectors (muscles or glands)
Response
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2
Q

Order of reflex

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor cells
Sensory neurones
Spinal cord (relay neurones in this)
Motor neurones 
Effectors (muscles and glands)
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3
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

Spinal cord and brain

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4
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

All other parts of the nervous systems

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5
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

Detects a change in the EXTERNAL ENVIRONMETN and uses electrical impulse to to help the brain process the response to the external environment

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6
Q

Sensory neurones

A

Carry electrical impulse from receptors cells to spinal cord

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7
Q

Motor neurones

A

Carry electrical impulse from CNS to effectors

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8
Q

Relay neurones

A

Carry electrical impulses from sensory to motor neurones

Only found in CNS

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9
Q

Adaptations of a neurone

A
  1. Myelin sheath - insulates the axon, to prevent the electrical impulse getting lost
  2. Long axon - to speed up the travel of the electrical impulses without too much time being taken up on the synapses
  3. Many dendrites - allows multiple connections to form between
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10
Q

How to identify a sensory neurone

A

Has a DENDRON and the nucleus is in the MIDDLE

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11
Q

How to identify a motor neurone

A

It has an AXON and the nucleus is one ONE END

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12
Q

What does the dendron do

A

Transmits the electrical impulse TO THE CELL BODY

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13
Q

What does an Axon do?

A

Transmits the electrical impulse AWAY from the cell body

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14
Q

What are dendrites

A

The little dots at the end of the branches - used to connect neurones

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15
Q

What is the difference between a neurone and a nerve

A

Neurones are INDIVIDUAL specialised cells used to transmit electrical impulses

NERVES ARE A LARGE GROUP OF NEURONES

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16
Q

Why is it important for the reflex arc to miss the brain

A

By missing out the brain, you body reacts faster than it normally would

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17
Q

Reflex arcs are involuntary

A

Yes, stimmt

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18
Q

When are reflex arcs usually used

A

In emergencies/ situations that need a very quick response

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19
Q

What is the Cornea

A

Transparent coating at front of eye

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20
Q

Purpose of cornea

A

Protect eye

Refract light rays entering

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21
Q

What is the Pupil

A

Central black hole in iris

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22
Q

Purpose of pupil

A

To allow light to enter

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23
Q

What is teh Iris

A

Ring of coloured muscle tissue around the pupil

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24
Q

Purpose of iris

A

To control pupil size by contracting/relaxing, therefore controlling amount of lihgt netering

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25
Q

What is teh Lens

A

Transparent BICONCAVE lens

26
Q

Purpose of lens

A

Focuses the light on retina

27
Q

What is the ciliary body

A

Ring of muscle tissue

28
Q

Purpose of ciliary body

A

Alters Lens shape

29
Q

What are suspensory ligaments

A

Ligament tisuue

30
Q

Purpose of suspensory ligaments

A

Connects ciliary muscle to lens

31
Q

What is the optic nerve

A

Nervous tissue

32
Q

Purpose of optic nerve

A

Carries nerve impulse to brain

33
Q

What is teh retina

A

Tissue @ back of eye contains rods and cones which help form an image with refracted light

34
Q

Scientific name for Long sight

A

HYPEROPIA

35
Q

Scientific name for short sight

A

Myopia

36
Q

When your long sight, what is wrong w/the lens in eye and what does it cause

A

Eye lens is to weak or eyeball is too short - does not refract light enough and focuses it at the back of the retina

37
Q

How to fix hyperopia

A

Add convex lens in glasses, in order to refract the light more

38
Q

What is wrong W/ eye lens when short sighted and what does it cause

A

Lens too strong or eyeball to long - causes the light rays to refract too much and focus too far in front of the retina

39
Q

How to fix myopia

A

Use concave lens in glasses to refract ray less and focus on the retina

40
Q

Rod cells

A

Detect LIGHT (not colour) allow to see in low light levels

41
Q

Cone cells

A

Detect COLOUR (respond to blue, green and red light)

42
Q

Colour blindness cause

A

When the cone cells in retina do not work properly and cannot accurately detect colour

43
Q

Common colour blindness

A

Red and green colour blindness affecting mostly males

44
Q

Cerebrum

A

Controls COMPLEX BEHAVIOUR such as memory, learning, personality and conscious thought

45
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls posture, balance and involuntary movement

46
Q

Medulla

A

Controls all automatic/involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate

47
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates temperature and water balance

48
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Stores and release hormones which regulate many body functions

49
Q

Ways to remember brain parts

A

CEREBRUM - looks like worms

MEDULLA - just above spinal cord

CEREBELLUM - looks like a leaf

HYPOTHALAMUS - kidney looking think next to cerebellum

PITUITARY GLAND - in the hypothalamus, small sticky our part

50
Q

Brain

A

Organ that controls all body processes

51
Q

CT Scan stands for..

A

Computer tomography

52
Q

What does CT scan do

A

Creates 3D Images

CANNOT BE USE REGUALARLY BECUSE IT USES X-RAYS

53
Q

What does MRI scan stand for

A

Magnetic Resonance imaging scan

54
Q

What does MRI scan do

A

Uses magnets to identify brain problems

55
Q

fMRI stands for

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

56
Q

What does fMRI scan do?

A

Produces real time images of brain

57
Q

Why is it difficult to investigate the brain

A

Difficult for patients consent

Difficult to repair damage

A mistake can lead to further irreversible damage

58
Q

Effects of nervous system damage (inc. PNS AND CNS)

A

Loss of pain / numbness

Loss of co-ordination

59
Q

Effects of CNS damage

A

Loss of body control or systems
Partial/complete paralysis
Memory loss
Process difficulties

All of this is permanent

60
Q

Why is it difficult to repair the CNS

A

Very small and complex and it is difficult to identify and repair the individual damaged component, without possibly damaging other ones

61
Q

Possible treatments for CNS damage

A

Radiotherapy for brain tumour
Chemotherapy for brain tumour
Deep brain stimulation
Surgery to remove damaged part

Biology (16 decks)

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