B3.3 - Maintaining Internal Environments Flashcards
How does insulin control blood sugar
When you eat food
Blood sugar increases
Pancreas secretes insulin
Insulin causes glucose to be converted to GLYCOGEN which is stored in the liver
blood sugar level decreases
How does glucagon control blood sugar
Exercise
Blood sugar decreases (glucose in respiration)
Pancreas secretes GLUCAGON
causes GLYcogen to convert to glucose
Higher blood sugar
ADH
Anti diuretic hormone
What does ADH do?
It controls the water level in the blood.
Higher ADH levels mean what?
The membrane of nephrons becomes MORE PERMEABLE to water and absorbs more water
Leads to more concentrated urine
Lower ADH from pituitary gland means..
Membranes in nephrons becomes LESS PERMEABLE TO WATER, less absorbed
Leads to more dilute urine
Type 1 diabetes is caused by what?
When the pancreas cannot make insulin because the body attacks the beta/pancreatic cells which makes insulin
How is type 1 diabetes controlled
Regular injections of insulin and a healthy lifestyle
Type 2 is caused by…
When the pancreatic cells do not make ENOUGH INSULIN or the BODY DOES NOT RESPOND to the insulin being made
What other condition is type 2 diabetes linked to?
Obesity
How is type 2 diabetes controlled
Regulating carbs intake and a healthy lifestyle
Some times drugs are given to stimulate insulin production
Hypertonic
High levels of sugar and glucose
Hypotonic
Low levels of glucose and sugar
Isotonic
Equal level of sugar and glucose to the blood plasma
