B5: Movement

Question 1

what is movement?

Answer 1

action in which an organism or part of an organism changes in position or place

Question 2

Definition of locomotion

Answer 2

• locomotion is the movement of the whole body from one place to another

Question 3

importance of movement

Answer 3

• find food
• hide and escape from predators
• migrate to avoid harsh conditions or go in search of food
• find mates to reproduce
• find nesting sites to make nests

Question 4

Movement in plants

Answer 4

• growth movements(slow)
• rapid movements of leaves such as the mimosa and venus fly trap
• dispersion of pollen and seeds

Question 5

what is tropism?

Answer 5

growth movements

Question 6

what harmone controls growth in plants?

Answer 6

Auxin

Question 7

Growth Movements in plants

Answer 7

• related to nutrition
• phototropism - movement towards light - shoots
• geotropism - movement towards gravity - roots

Question 8

Auxin is made in the (1)__________ of (2)_______and (3)___________

Answer 8

1. tips
2. roots
3. shoots

Question 9

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 9

• Movement
• protection: cranium, ribcage, vertebral column pelvis
• Support: bones provide framework for the other systems. The backbone provides support for the limbs and head
• Production of red blood cells: bone marrow in the interior of short bones and ends of long bones

Question 10

How does phototropism work?

Answer 10

• auxins acummulate on the shaded side of the shoot and break down on the side exposed to light.
• cells reproduce more on the shaded side causing the shoot to bend towards the light side

Question 11

explain geotropism

Answer 11

• auxins slow growth in the root, so growth is slowed where there is increased concentration of auxins and vice versa.
• Auxin accumulates on the lower side due to gravity.
• The side with less auxin will grow faster and so roots will always grow downward toward gravity.

Question 12

parts of the skeleton: label the skeleton

Answer 12

Question 13

Parts of the long bone and functions

Answer 13

A - Rounded head to form ball and socket joint allowing movement in all 3 planes

B - The ends of the bone are made of spongy bone which is light and strong

C- Growth of bone occurs here

D - red bone marrow in the ends of the bone produces red blood cells

E - yellow bone marrow is store for fat

F - Shaft is hollow to reduce chance of a break occuring across the bone

G - Outer part of bone made of compact bone which is very strong

H - rounded ends form hinge joint

J - sites of attachment for muscles

Question 14

Types of joints

Answer 14

• Hinge: elbow and knee
• Ball and socket: shoulder and hip
• Fixed: cranium
• Pivot: the atlas
• Gliding joint: wrist bones, vertebrae.

Question 15

What kind of joint is this?

Answer 15

Hinge

Question 16

What kind of joint is this?

Answer 16

ball and socket

Question 17

what kind of joint is this?

Answer 17

Ankle bones - gliding joint

Phalanges - hinge

Question 18

what kind of joint is this?

Answer 18

Pivot

Question 19

Draw and label the humerus

Answer 19

Question 20

parts of synovial joint - label the diagram

Answer 20

Question 21

Parts of the forelimb - label the diagram

Answer 21

Question 22

Label the synovial joint

Answer 22

Question 23

forearm - label the parts

Answer 23

Question 24

function of the ligament

Answer 24

• joins bone to bone
• stretches as bones move

Question 25

function of muscle

Answer 25

contracts to pull bones causing movement

Question 26

function of tendon

Answer 26

Joins muscle to bone - non-elastic so effect of muscle contraction is directly transferred to the bone

Question 27

function of the synovial fluid

Answer 27

reduce friction when bones move about each other

Question 28

how does movement occur in a limb?

Answer 28

• contraction of antagonistic muscles ie when one muscle contracts the other relaxes. Both musles cannot contract at the same time.

Question 29

some antagonistic muscle pairs

Answer 29

• biceps and triceps