B3: Reproduction in plants Flashcards
The two types of reproduction observed in plants are :
sexual and asexual
Many plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Give 4 exapmples:
- Bulbs eg onions, garlic, scallion
- Stem tubers eg Irish potatoe
- Stem suckers eg Banana
- Leaf buds eg the leave-of-life plant
Stem suckers
The inion scallion and garlic are examples of:
Bulbs
The Irish(English) potatoe is an example of :
Stem tuber
The banana plant an example of :
Stem sucker
the Leaf-of-life plant is an example of
Leaf buds
Identify the parts of the flower below
A - stigma
B- style
C- ovary with ovules
D- receptacle
E - sepals (yellow)
F - Petals (red or yellow)
Identify the parts of the flower below
Region B : Female parts (Carpal)
- stigma
- style
- ovary
- ovule (containing the egg)
Region A: Male parts (Stamen)
- anther
8 - filament
Other parts
- Petals
6 - Sepals
- nectary
10 - receptacle
The (1)______________ is the female part of the flower and is made of (2)__________, (3)__________, (4) __________, (5)________________
- Carpel
- Stigma
- style
- ovary
- ovule
The (1)______________ is the male part of the flower and is made of (2)__________, and (3)__________
- Stamen
- anther
- filament
Function of the labelled parts
- sticky end of the style. captures pollen grains
- holds the stigma where it can best catch pollen. Provides sugars for growth of the pollen tubes
- contains the ovules which develop into seeds
- contains the embryo sac which is the female equivalent of the pollen grain. The embryo sac contains the female gamete
- attracts insects to increase chance of pollination. brightly coloured with with honey guides
- protects the flow when it is a bud
- produces pollen grains. splits open when the pollen grains ripen
- holds the anther where it can best deliver pollen and provides and provides nutrients to the pollen grains
- contains nectar to attract insects and birds for pollination
- holds the flower parts
What is pollination?
the transfer of pollen grains from the anthers to the stigmas of flowers
Two types of polllination are: (1)_____________ and (2)_____________
- self pollination
- cross pollination
Self pollination is (1)_________________ while cross pollination is (2) ________________
- the transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to a stigma of another flower on the same plant
- the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.
Agents of pollination
- wind
- birds eg humming birds
- insects eg bees
two adaptations of plant for pollination
wind pollination
insect pollination
what happens after pollination?
fertilization
complete the sequence for sexual reproduction in plants.
(1)_________________ , (2) pollination, (3)_______________, (4)_____________.
- pollen released from anthers
- pollination
- growth of pollen tubes through the style
- fertilization
what happens after fertilization in plants?
the ovule develops into a seed.
stages of development of the ovule into a seed
- zygote divides by mitosis forming an embryo
- the embryo develops 3 parts:
- plumule or embryonic shoot
- radicle or embryonic root
- cotyledons
- water is drawn from the seed and it becomes dormant.
After fertilisation the (1)______________ develops into the fruit. The stigma, style, stamens, petals then (2)___________. The fruits contain (3)____________ which they (4)______________.
- The ovary wall
- wither and fall off
- seeds
- protect
Label the diagram
There are two types of fruit: (A)__________ and (B)____________.
Examples of (A) are (1)_______________
Examples of (B) are (2)______________
A - Succulent or fleshy fruits
B - Dry fruits
1 - mangoes, grapes, tomatoe, oranges, cucumber
2 - pigeon pea, beans, corn rice, wheat
the methods of dispersion of fruits and seeds are: (1)___________. Seed dispersal is important because (2) ____________ and (3)___________
(1) wind, water, animals, mechanical(splitting)
(2) it prevents overcrowding
(3) it allows plants to colonise new habitats for better survival.
ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by animals
- mostly succulent and store foods to attract animals.
- some dry fruits contain hooks that attach the fruits to the fur of animal.
ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by wind
- wing-like extensions on the fruit or seed eg Combretum, Mahogany and Tecoma
- Hair-like extensions on the fruit or seed that form a parachute eg Tridax, Cotton
- They are small and light
ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by water
they develop a water proof outer layer and become buoyant eg coconut and manchineel
ways in which fruits are adapted for mechanical dispersion
some dry fruits split along lines of weakness and eject their seeds eg Pride of Barbados and pigeon pea
