B17: Disease Flashcards
Define disease
disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of cells, tissues and organs thereby damaging the health of the body
what are the 4 main types or categories of disease?
- Hereditary
- Deficiency
- Pathogenic
- Physiological
what is a hereditay disease?
Give 2 examples
Disease caused by an abnormal gene which passes from one generation to another
examples: sickle cell disease, haemophilia,
what is a deficiency disease? Give examples
Deficiency disease is a disease caused by lack of a nutrient in the diet
examples: Scurvy, anaemia, Kwashiorkor,
what is a pathogenic disease?
Give 4 examples
A pathogenic disease is when harmful organisms(viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) invade the body.
Examples: AIDS, Syphilis, Mumbs, Dengue, Yellow Fever, Malaria
What is a physiological disease?
Give 4 examples.
A physiological disease is a disease cause by malfunctioning of the organs of the body.
Examples: Hypertension; diabetes; cancer, Parkinsons disease; stroke; heart disease
what is a vector?
Give 4 examples of vectors
a vector is an organism that carries pathogens in or on its body from person to person but itself not being affected.
- houseflies
- mosquitos
- rats
- fleas
What are the 2 broad categories of disease?
- Communicable: caused by pathogens and pass from one person to another.
- Non-commnicable diseases: cannot pass from on person to another. Hereditary, physiological and deficiency diseases are non-communicable diseases.
Diagram showing the life cycle of a mosquito.
Name the process whereby a mosquito egg becomes a full grown mosquito.
complete metamorphosis
Label the life cycle of the mosquito
what is metamorphosis?
complete metamorphosis is a complete change in the appearance of an organism during its growth and development
which stage of the mosquito life cycle requires water
egg, lavra, pupa
which stage of the misquito life cycle is known as the reproductive stage?
the adult stage
which stage of the mospquito life cycle is known as the feeding and growing stage?
the larva stage
what diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes?
- Malaria
- yellow fever
- dengue
- chikungunya
what are the 2 main types of mosquitoes involved in the transmission of tropical diseases and what disease do they transmit
- Anopheles mospuito: Malaria
- Aedes Mosquito: yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya
What is the primary host?
the target host ie the host that the pathogen makes ill.
what is the secondary host?
The intermediate host where the patogens reproduce without harming it, before moving to the primary host.
How many hosts do mosquito borne pathogens have
2 - misquito and humans
How does the mosquito trasmit pathogens from one person to another?
- the pathogens remain and multiply in the salivary glands of the female mosquitoes
- When the female mosquito bites someone they inject saliva into the blood to prevent clotting, so they can ingest it.
- the mosquito therefore passes the pathogens to that persons bloodstream when they inject the saliva.
What do we need to know about mosquitoes in order to control the spread of the diseases they trasmit?
their life cycle
How are mosquitoes contolled?
- Controlling Larva and Pupae stages
- Draining of standing water
- adding insecticides to the breeding areas of mosquitoes
- using fish that eat the larvae and pupae
- spraying oil or kerosene on the surface of the breeding areas to prevent the lavae and pupae from breathing
- Controlling the adult stage
* Spray with insecticides in houses and breeding sites
What is diabetes?
a physiological disease where the control of blood glucose is abnormal
