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CSEC BIOLOGY > B21: Important diagrams > Flashcards

B21: Important diagrams Flashcards

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1
Q

Label the diagram

A

Note L is the mesenteric artery

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2
Q

what kind of neurone is this?

name the parts

A

sensory neurone

A. cytoplasm

B. cell body

C. sensory nerve endings

D. nerve ending

E. node of Ranvier

F. dendrite

G. myelin sheath

H. axon

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3
Q

what kind of neurone is this?

name the parts

A

motor neuron

A. nerve endings

B. cell body

C. myelin sheath

D. Axon

E. axon fibre

F. muscle

G. nerve endings

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4
Q

what does this diagram show?

name the parts

A

reflex arc

A. receptor

B. stimulus(eg. hot surface)

C. response(withdrawal)

D. sensory nerve fibre(axon)

E. effector(muscle)

F. spinal nerve

G. motor nerve fibre

H. synapse

I. Intermediate neurone

J. cell body of

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5
Q

name the neurones

A
  1. sensory neurone
  2. intermediate (relay) neurone
  3. motor neurone
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6
Q

what are the functions of the labelled sections below?

A
  1. sensation
  2. muscle control
  3. sight centre
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7
Q

intentify the parts of the nervous system

A
  1. central nervous system
  2. Peripheral nervous system

A. cerebrum

B. cerebellum

C. medulla oblongata

D. spinal cord

E. cranial nerves (from eye and ear)

F. spinal nerves

G. sensory and motor nerve fibres to and from body

H. brain

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8
Q

complete the flow diagram below

A

stimulus —> receptor —> sensory neurone

—> intermediate neuron —> motor neurone

—> effector —> response

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9
Q

indentify the parts of the eye below

A

A- iris

B- pupil

C- cornea

D- lens

E- suspensory ligament

F- ciliary body

G- vitreous humour

I - sclera

II - choroid

III - retina

IV - fovea

V - optic nerve

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10
Q

myopia or hypermetropia?

A

hypermetropia

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11
Q

what condition is being corrected?

A

hypermetropia (far sight)

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12
Q

what condition is being corrected?

A

myopia(near sight)

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13
Q

What structure is this and identify the lables

A

A- Fallopian tubes (oviducts),

B- Ovaries

C- Uterus

D- cervix

E - Vagina

F - Vulva

G- anus

H - ureter

I - bladder

J- urethra

K- lips(labia)

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14
Q

Functions of the listed parts

A

A: implantation and develpment of the embryo

B: site of fertilization. Moves ova from ovary to uterus

C: formation of the female gametes(ova). Secretes oestrogen and progesterone

D: retains the contents of the uterus during pregancy. Secretes different forms of mucous during the menstrual cycle

E: receives the penis and sperm, and is also the birth canal

F: opening of the vagina

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15
Q

label the parts shown

A

A. seminal vesicle

B. prostate gland

C. sperm duct

D. urethra

E. penis

F. testis

G. bladder

H. ureter

I. scrotum

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16
Q

Functions of the listed parts

A

A. secretes seminal fluid that mixes with sperm

B. secretes prostate fluid that mixes with seminal fliud

C. transfers sperm fron the testes to the urethra

D. carries semen to the outside of the body. Also carries urine to the outside af the body but not at the same time.

E. becomes erect during intercourse and deposits sperm in he vagina.

F. produces sperm and secretes testosterone

G. stores urine

H. transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder

I. hold the testes at lower temperature than the body temperature

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17
Q

what are the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle

A
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18
Q

Identify the days corresponding to the phases of the menstrual cycle below

A
  1. Day 1-5
  2. Day 1-13
  3. Day 14
  4. Day 15-28
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19
Q

What hormone represents each graph colour in the diagram below?

A

yellow - oestrogen

blue - progesterone

green - FSH(follicle stimulating hormone)

red - LH (luteinising Hormone)

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20
Q

Identify the labeled parts

A

A - Lining of uterus

B - oviduct (fallopian tube)

C- Amnion

D - Amniotic fluid

E - Mucus plug in cerix

F - Umbilical Cord

G - muscular wal of uterus

H - Vagina

I - Embryo or Foetus

J - Placenta

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21
Q

The inion scallion and garlic are examples of:

A

Bulbs

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22
Q

The Irish(English) potatoe is an example of :

A

Stem tuber

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23
Q

The inion scallion and garlic are examples of:

A

Bulbs

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24
Q

the Leaf-of-life plant is an example of

A

Leaf buds

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25
Q

Identify the parts of the flower below

A

Region B : Female parts (Carpal)

  1. stigma
  2. style
  3. ovary
  4. ovule (containing the egg)

Region A: Male parts (Stamen)

    • anther

8 - filament

Other parts

    • Petals

6 - Sepals

    • nectary

10 - receptacle

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26
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by animals

A
  • mostly succulent and store foods to attract animals.
  • some dry fruits contain hooks that attach the fruits to the fur of animal.
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27
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by wind

A
  • wing-like extensions on the fruit or seed eg Combretum, Mahogany and Tecoma
  • Hair-like extensions on the fruit or seed that form a parachute eg Tridax, Cotton
  • They are small and light
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28
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by water

A

they develop a water proof outer layer and become buoyant eg coconut and manchineel

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29
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for mechanical dispersion

A

some dry fruits split along lines of weakness and eject their seeds eg Pride of Barbados and pigeon pea

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30
Q

The Irish(English) potatoe is an example of :

A

Stem tuber

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31
Q

The banana plant an example of :

A

Stem sucker

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32
Q

the Leaf-of-life plant is an example of

A

Leaf buds

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33
Q

Identify the parts of the flower below

A

Region B : Female parts (Carpal)

  1. stigma
  2. style
  3. ovary
  4. ovule (containing the egg)

Region A: Male parts (Stamen)

    • anther

8 - filament

Other parts

    • Petals

6 - Sepals

    • nectary

10 - receptacle

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34
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by animals

A
  • mostly succulent and store foods to attract animals.
  • some dry fruits contain hooks that attach the fruits to the fur of animal.
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35
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by wind

A
  • wing-like extensions on the fruit or seed eg Combretum, Mahogany and Tecoma
  • Hair-like extensions on the fruit or seed that form a parachute eg Tridax, Cotton
  • They are small and light
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36
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for dispersal by water

A

they develop a water proof outer layer and become buoyant eg coconut and manchineel

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37
Q

ways in which fruits are adapted for mechanical dispersion

A

some dry fruits split along lines of weakness and eject their seeds eg Pride of Barbados and pigeon pea

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38
Q

The banana plant an example of :

A

Stem sucker

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39
Q

3 large Sugar Cubes A,B and C have the same dimensions

Cube A was cut into 2 pieces

Cube B was cut into 50 pieces

Cube C was not cut.

  1. After cutting, which block has the greatest total volume?
  2. Which block has the greatest surface area
  3. Which has the greatest surface area to volume ratio.
  4. In terms of surface area to volume ratio, which one will dissolved more quickly when placed in water?
A
  1. none
  2. B
  3. B
  4. B becuase it has greater surface area to volume ratio
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40
Q

blood pathway

A
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41
Q

blood flow through the body

A
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42
Q

label the heart

A
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43
Q

label the heart

A
44
Q

Label this diagram showing the cross section of the stem

A
45
Q

Label this diagram showing the cross section of the root?

A
46
Q

Explain the mechanism of translocation using the numbers on the diagram

A
  1. sugars made in cells enter the seive tube by active transport
  2. water moves from the adjacent xylem vessels by osmosis because the sugar concentration is high in the phloem
  3. turgor pressure increases due to water entering
  4. tugor pressure pushes the solution through the seive plates
  5. sugars move from the seive tubes to into the cells of the sugar sink by active transport.
  6. water is drawn out of the seive tube into the xylem vessels by suction created by the transpiration stream
  7. turgor pressure decreased due to water leaving the seive tubes. the difference in pressure between 3 and 7 creates a pressure gradient which keeps the sugars moving in solution.
47
Q

what does this diagram show?

A

phloem seive tubes

48
Q

this is a section of which part of the plant?

A

stem

49
Q

this is a section of which part of the plant?

A

root

50
Q

what vascular structure does this image show?

A

Xylem vessels

51
Q

Lines of defense against pathogens

A
52
Q

parts of the skeleton: label the skeleton

A
53
Q

Parts of the long bone and functions

A

A - Rounded head to form ball and socket joint allowing movement in all 3 planes

B - The ends of the bone are made of spongy bone which is light and strong

C- Growth of bone occurs here

D - red bone marrow in the ends of the bone produces red blood cells

E - yellow bone marrow is store for fat

F - Shaft is hollow to reduce chance of a break occuring across the bone

G - Outer part of bone made of compact bone which is very strong

H - rounded ends form hinge joint

J - sites of attachment for muscles

54
Q

Parts of the long bone and functions

A

A - Rounded head to form ball and socket joint allowing movement in all 3 planes

B - The ends of the bone are made of spongy bone which is light and strong

C- Growth of bone occurs here

D - red bone marrow in the ends of the bone produces red blood cells

E - yellow bone marrow is store for fat

F - Shaft is hollow to reduce chance of a break occuring across the bone

G - Outer part of bone made of compact bone which is very strong

H - rounded ends form hinge joint

J - sites of attachment for muscles

55
Q

What kind of joint is this?

A

ball and socket

56
Q

what kind of joint is this?

A

Ankle bones - gliding joint

Phalanges - hinge

57
Q

what kind of joint is this?

A

Pivot

58
Q

Draw and label the humerus

A
59
Q

parts of synovial joint - label the diagram

A
60
Q

Parts of the forelimb - label the diagram

A
61
Q

Label the synovial joint

A
62
Q

forearm - label the parts

A
63
Q

what kind of joint is this?

A

Pivot

64
Q

Draw and label the humerus

A
65
Q

parts of synovial joint - label the diagram

A
66
Q

Parts of the forelimb - label the diagram

A
67
Q

Label the synovial joint

A
68
Q

forearm - label the parts

A
69
Q

what kind of joint is this?

A

Ankle bones - gliding joint

Phalanges - hinge

70
Q

What kind of joint is this?

A

ball and socket

71
Q

parts of the skeleton: label the skeleton

A
74
Q

Types of joints

A
  • Hinge: elbow and knee
  • Ball and socket: shoulder and hip
  • Fixed: cranium
  • Pivot: the atlas
  • Gliding joint: wrist bones, vertebrae.
75
Q

Types of joints

A
  • Hinge: elbow and knee
  • Ball and socket: shoulder and hip
  • Fixed: cranium
  • Pivot: the atlas
  • Gliding joint: wrist bones, vertebrae.
76
Q

Label parts of the excretory sytem

A
77
Q

structure and function of the kidney. label the diagram with names and functions

A
78
Q

structure of the nephron

A
79
Q

Label the nephron and state what happens at each numbered region

A
  1. renal artery has greater diameter than renal vein creating high pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus
  2. the pressure forces liquid(filtrate) into the Bowmans Capsule
  3. the filtrate contains useful substances and waste. large molecules and corpuscles cannot pass.
  4. Convoluted tubules reabsorb the useful substances eg. glucose, salts and water
  5. loop of Henle absorbs water and salts
  6. blood caillaries reabsorsb useful substances and secrete toxic substances into the tubule
  7. Blood has reabsorbed 80% of the filtrate
  8. Urine passes to the pelvis
80
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

the maintenance of near normal internal conditions in the body by mechanisms of negative feedback

81
Q

Skin structure : Identify the parts and regions of the skin

A
82
Q

Describe osmoregulation

A

control of concentrations of salts and water in the blood with normal limits

83
Q

describe the regulation of carbon dioxide concentration in the blood

A
84
Q

describe the regulation of glucose concentration in the blood

A
85
Q

Describe Thermoregulation in humans

A
86
Q

label the skin

A
87
Q

Label the respiratory system

A
88
Q

explain gas exchange in the alveoli

A
89
Q

Label the respiratory system

A
90
Q

explain gas exchange in the alveoli

A
91
Q

idenitfy the labelled parts of the internal structure of the leaf and indentify the cells that contain chloroplasts

A
  1. waxy cuticle
  2. upper epidermis
  3. palisade layer
  4. xylem
  5. phloem
  6. spongy mesophyl layer
  7. guard cells - chloroplasts
  8. spongy mesophyll cells - chloroplasts
  9. palisade cell - chloroplasts
  10. epidermal cell - no chloroplast
  11. waxy cuticle
  12. stoma
92
Q

explain the graph below regarding the limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

clue- identify the limiting factors

93
Q

Identify the different structures in the diagram below

A

1-Mouth or buccal cavity; 2- salivary gland; 3-liver; 4-stmach, 5-pancreas, 6-duodenum, 7-ileum, 8-colon, 9-colon, 10-rectum, 11-anus, 12-appenix, 13-caecum, 14-pancreatic duct, 15-bile duct, 16-pyloric sphincter, 17-gall bladder, 18-diaphram, 19-oesophagus, 20- epiglottis, 21-teeth, 22-lips, 23-tongue

94
Q

Identify the parts and regions of the tooth

A

A-crown, B-neck, C-root, 1-enamel, 2-dentine, 3-gum, 4-cement, 5-cement fibres, 6-pulp cavity, 7-blood vessel, 8-nerve

95
Q

Identify the different types of teeth

A

I- incisor, C- canine, PM-premolar, M-molar, 1-incisor, 2-canine, 3-premolar, 4-molar

96
Q

Explain each of the graphs below

A

Clue - identify the limiting factors in each case

97
Q

Mnemonic for Classifying Living things

A

KIDS - KINGDOM

PREFER - PHYLUM

CANDY - CLASS

OVER - ORDER

FRESH - FAMILY

GREEEN - GENUS

SALAD - SPECIES

98
Q

What is the Whittaker Classification of Living things into the 5 main Kingdoms?

A
99
Q

Complete the classification system shown here

A
103
Q

How to Classify Animals into diffrent groups

A

A. VERTEBRATES

  1. mammals
  2. reptiles
  3. amphibians
  4. fish
  5. birds

B- INVERTEBRATES

  1. Worms - soft , no cover, no legs
    • tapeworm - platyhelminthes
    • roundworm - nematodes
    • ringed worms - annelids
  2. Cnidaria - coelenterates, soft- no cover, no legs eg Jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
  3. Arthropods - exoskeleton - jointed legs
    • insects - fly , cockroach
    • arachnids - spider
    • crustaceans - crab, lobster
    • myriapods - millipede, centipede
  4. Molluscs - shell - soft body, slimy, no legs
  5. Echinoderm - hard skin + spines, no legs
104
Q

Mnemonic for Classifying Living things

A

KIDS - KINGDOM

PREFER - PHYLUM

CANDY - CLASS

OVER - ORDER

FRESH - FAMILY

GREEEN - GENUS

SALAD - SPECIES

105
Q

What is the Whittaker Classification of Living things into the 5 main Kingdoms?

A
106
Q

Complete the classification system shown here

A
110
Q

How to Classify Animals into diffrent groups

A

A. VERTEBRATES

  1. mammals
  2. reptiles
  3. amphibians
  4. fish
  5. birds

B- INVERTEBRATES

  1. Worms - soft , no cover, no legs
    • tapeworm - platyhelminthes
    • roundworm - nematodes
    • ringed worms - annelids
  2. Cnidaria - coelenterates, soft- no cover, no legs eg Jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
  3. Arthropods - exoskeleton - jointed legs
    • insects - fly , cockroach
    • arachnids - spider
    • crustaceans - crab, lobster
    • myriapods - millipede, centipede
  4. Molluscs - shell - soft body, slimy, no legs
  5. Echinoderm - hard skin + spines, no legs
111
Q

growth from seed to plant

A
112
Q

Label the seed

A
113
Q

label the external seed structure

A
114
Q

Label the life cycle of the mosquito

A
115
Q

Label the life cycle of the mosquito

A

CSEC BIOLOGY (21 decks)

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