Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CSEC BIOLOGY > B1: Irritability in Animals and Plants > Flashcards

B1: Irritability in Animals and Plants Flashcards

1
Q

definition of a stimulus

A

a change in the environment of an organism that causes a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define a response

A

the change the whole or part of an organism as result of a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a receptor

A

the part of an organism that detects a stumulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an effector

A

the part of an organism that responds to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are sense organs?

A

organs that contain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parts of the nervous system

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

There are (1)_________ types of neurones. These are: (2)____________, (3)_______________, (4)_________________. The (5)___________ are only found in the CNS.

A
  1. 3
  2. sensory
  3. relay(intermediate) neurones
  4. motor neurones
  5. relay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what kind of neurone is this?

name the parts

A

sensory neurone

A. cytoplasm

B. cell body

C. sensory nerve endings

D. nerve ending

E. node of Ranvier

F. dendrite

G. myelin sheath

H. axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of neurone is this?

name the parts

A

motor neuron

A. nerve endings

B. cell body

C. myelin sheath

D. Axon

E. axon fibre

F. muscle

G. nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does this diagram show?

name the parts

A

reflex arc

A. receptor

B. stimulus(eg. hot surface)

C. response(withdrawal)

D. sensory nerve fibre(axon)

E. effector(muscle)

F. spinal nerve

G. motor nerve fibre

H. synapse

I. Intermediate neurone

J. cell body of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A
  • receives information from balance receptors in the ear and from stretch receptors in muscles and tendons.
  • coordination of balance, posture and movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • conscious thought, problem solving, decision making, intelligence and emotions
  • memory, speech , language and hearing
  • interpretation of sensory information from sense organs
  • coordination of voluntary actions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the functions of the medulla oblongata?

A

constrols involuntary actions such as:

  • rate and depth of breathing
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • peristalsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

A
  • controls body temperature
  • controls water content of the blood
  • controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland: ADH (to control the kidney), FSH and LH(control mentral cycle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a. what kind of neurone is this?
b. what does the arrow represent?

A

a. intermediate(relay) neurone
b. direction of the nerve impuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the neurones

A
  1. sensory neurone
  2. intermediate (relay) neurone
  3. motor neurone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the functions of the labelled sections below?

A
  1. sensation
  2. muscle control
  3. sight centre
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intentify the parts of the nervous system

A
  1. central nervous system
  2. Peripheral nervous system

A. cerebrum

B. cerebellum

C. medulla oblongata

D. spinal cord

E. cranial nerves (from eye and ear)

F. spinal nerves

G. sensory and motor nerve fibres to and from body

H. brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complete the flow diagram below

A

stimulus —> receptor —> sensory neurone

—> intermediate neuron —> motor neurone

—> effector —> response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how movement in parts of plants occur

A

by changes in turgidity of its cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shoots grow and bend towards (1)_________ and away from (2)___________. If there is no light (eg. dark room) or even distribution of light they will grow (3)____________.

A
  1. light
  2. gravity
  3. upwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

roots bend towards (1)_____________ and (2)______________

A
  1. gravity
  2. water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a synapse?

A

tiny gap between the synaptic knobs of an axon and the dendrites or cell body of adjacent neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do synapses work?

A

when the impulse reaches the nerve ending, chemicals called neurotransmitters are released and diffuse across the synapse toward the next neurone which is stimulated to transmit the electrical impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
function of the synapse
allows neurotransmitter to flow in one direction from one neurone to another
26
examples of sense organs in animals
eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin
27
examples of effectors in animals
muscles and glands
28
most plant responses are (1)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and are regions of the plant where growth occurs called (2) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1. Growth repsonses 2. Apical meristems
29
examples of effectors in plants
petioles, leaves, apical meristem
30
What is the apical meristem
The apical meristem is the region of dividing cells located at the tips of a plant's shoots and at the ends of the plant's roots?
31
what is a petiole?
the stalk that attaches the leave blade to a stem
32
where are nerve impulses transitted?
through neurones
33
what are nerve impulses
electrical impulses that travel along a neurone
34
CNS consists of:
brain and spinal cord
35
PNS consists of :
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
36
the function of the sensory neuron is to (1)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ while that of the motor neurone is to (2)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The relay neurone is also known as the (3)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and serves to (4)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1. transmit nerve impulses from the receptors to the CNS 2. transmit nerve impulse form the CNS to the effector 3. intermediate neurone 4. link sensory and motor neurones
37
what is a reflex action?
a rapid, automatic involuntary response to a stimulus by a muscle or gland
38
3 examples of reflex action
* withdrawal of hand when it touches a hot object * knee jerk reflex * reaction of the pupil to bright light
39
two functions of the myelin sheath are:
* protect the nerve fibre * insulate the nerve fibre * speed up transmission of impulses
40
(1)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carry impulses toward the cell body and (2)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
1. dendrites 2. axons
41
this part of the neuron carries impulses toward the cell body
dendrite
42
this part of the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body
axon
43
identify the main regions of the human brain from the diagram
A- cerebrum B- cerebellum C- medulla oblongata
44
definition of a drug
a chemical substance that affects the functioning of the body
45
what is the effect of alcohol on the nervous system?
it is a depressant of the central nervous system
46
short term effects of alcohol abuse include:
* impaired coordination * impaired concentration * impared judgement * blurred vision * slurred speech * memory lapse * drowsiness * dehydration * loss of consciousness
47
some long term effects of alcohol abuse include:
* long term memory loss * high blood pressure * heart disease such heart attacks * stroke * stomach ulcers * liver disease such as cirrhosis and fatty liver disease * brain damage * cancer of the mouth throat and oesophagus * delirium tremens
48
what is the effect of cocaine on the CNS?
it is a stimulant
49
some effects of cocaine abuse
* paranoia, anxiety and depression * bizzzare, erratic violent behavior * hallucinations * insomnia * heart attack * stroke * lung damage * mental disorders such as schizophrenia
50
the eye detects (1)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that has been reflected from an object and converts it to (2)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which are then carried along the (3)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the (4)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which translates them into a precise image of the object
1. light 2. nerve impulses 3. optic nerve 4. brain
51
indentify the parts of the eye below
A- iris B- pupil C- cornea D- lens E- suspensory ligament F- ciliary body G- vitreous humour I - sclera II - choroid III - retina IV - fovea V - optic nerve
52
the two main photoreceptors of the retina are:
* cones * rods
53
the retina is composed of receptors called (1)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which are of two types: (2)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ function in low light and and detect images in (3)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (4)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ function in bright light and and detect images in (5)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and detail.
1. photoreceptors 2. rods 3. black and white 4. cones 5. colour
54
what is accomodation?
changing the shape of the lens to focus light on the retina
55
The (1)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_controls the amount of light entering the eye by (2)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. In bright light the (3)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ relaxes and the (4)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contract, thus (5)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the pupil size. In dim light the circular muscles (6)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and the radial muscles (7)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contract, thus (8)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the pupil size.
1. pupil 2. increasing or decreasing its size(diameter) 3. radial muscles 4. circular muscles 5. reducing 6. relaxes 7. contract 8. increasing
56
myopia or hypemetropia?
myopia
57
myopia or hypermetropia?
hypermetropia
58
what condition is being corrected?
hypermetropia (far sight)
59
what condition is being corrected?
myopia(near sight)
60
what type of lenses correct these conditions 1. hypermetropia 2. myopia
1. covex or converging 2. concave or diverging

CSEC BIOLOGY (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions