B3.048 - Prework Hematologic Diagnostics Flashcards
What are the functions of blood
oxygen transport Inflammation/immunity Hemostasis
What component of blood helps with oxygen transport
RBCs
what are RBCs made up of
heme iron globin
what component of blood is responsible for inflammation/immunity
WBCs
what component of blood is responsible for hemostasis
platelets Plasma proteins (coagulation factors)
if you look at blood in the lab with an anticoagulant only what are you looking at? what if you centrifuge it?
Whole blood cells + plasma
if you look at blood in the lab without anticoagulation, allow it to clot and centrifuge it what are you looking at?
clot (cells + coagulation factor proteins) + serum
what is plasma
serum + coagulation factors
what anticoagulants are used in the lab
EDTA Heparin Citrate
how does citrate work and when do you use it
it binds and sequesters calcium needed for coagulation, it can be used for coagulation testing.
how can you cause coagulation with citrate
if you saturate it with calcium then the remaining calcium will allow for coagulation
how does EDTA work
it kelates calcium irreversibly
when do you use EDTA or heparin
if youre not worried about coagulation testing
what do you use for lab evaluation of oxygen transport
EDTA
what do you use for evaluating reticulocyte count
EDTA
What do you use to evaluate blood smear
EDTA
what do you use to evaluate differential count
EDTA
what do you use for flow cytometry evaluating inflammation/immunity component of blood
Heparin
what is a left shift
circulating immature granulocytes
what is toxic granulation
presence of toxic primary granules in a left shift
what are Dohle bodies
basophilic areas
what are these called and what are they
toxic granules presence of primary granules
what is this
Dohle body
areas of basophilia
what is leukoerythroblastosis
left shift + circulating nucleated red blood cells
what are these indicative of
leukoerythroblastosis
what are tests you run for evaluation of hemostasis
CBC
Tests of Platelet function
Coagulation tests
what anticoagulant do you use for tests of platelet function and coagulation test
citrate
what does immature platelet fraction tell you
if the issue with platelets is with making them or something else
functional elements of hemostasis
Vascular wall
Platelets
vWF
Coagulation factors
calcium
what is primary hemostasis
formation of platelet plug
secondary hemostasis is
fibrin meshwork stabilized by cross linking
what mediates formation of initial platelet plug
gp1b
what mediates platelet aggregation in primary hemostasis
Gp2b-3a
describe the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of hemostasis
describe the in vivo pathway of hemostasis
extrinsic pathway factors
TF, VII
Intrinsic pathway factors
prekallikrein, HMWK, factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
common pathway factors
X,V, II, I
fibrin stabilization factor
XIII
what is factor II
prothrombin
what is factor I
fibrinogen
what is used to test for platelet function
PFA-100
what is used to test for clotting
PT - extrinsic/commn
PTT - intrinsic/common
when does clinical bleeding present
<10% clotting factors
when does the PTT/PT show decrease in clotting factors
<30-50%
what are D dimers
fragments of cross linked fibrin aka clots
D dimer is used for pulmonary embolism bc
if its negative it cant be pulmonary embolism
D dimer has a very high
negavie predictive value for PE
proportion of hematopoetic cells to fat
1:1
proportion of myeloid cells to erythroid in BM
3:1
Labs to evaluate BM
Aspirate
Biopsy
Immunophenotype
Genetic analysis
Aspirate of BM used to evaluate
cellular morphology, cell counts
Biopsy of BM used to evaluate
architecure, infiltrates
immunotphenotype used to assess/ types
Lymphoid cells/blasts
Flow cytometry
Immunohistochemistry
genetic analysis techniques
Cytogenetics
FISH
molecular techniques
where are B cells found in lymph node
cortex
which follicles are immunologically active
primary
which follicles are immunologically active
secondary
where are T cells found in lymph nodes
paracortex
lab eval techniques for lymph nodes
biopsy
immunophenotype
Genetic analysis
what is this
lymph node
what does this indicate
B cell lymphoma
what are the CD markers for
B lineage
T lineage
NK cells
Myeloid lineage
