B3.045 - Prework Helminths Flashcards
1
Q
What helminths do you get from skin penetration, type, diagnosis, treatment
A
2
Q
What can cause a rupture of a cyst due to E. Granulosus
A
Vigorous exercise or a blow
3
Q
What are symptoms of an ascaris lumbricoides infection
A
Abdominal discomfort, cough as larvae migrate
4
Q
Where do eggs of strongyloids sterceralis hatch in humans
A
Lumen to give rhabditiform larvae
5
Q
What are symptoms of loa loa
A
Pruritis, most asymptomatic
6
Q
How is E. Granulosus treated
A
Problematic with surgery, percutaneous treatments or albendazole
7
Q
How do you treat canine and feline nematodes
A
Mebendazole, kills but they are still there!
8
Q
Describe features of tapeworms and trematodes
A
No gut but absorb nutrients No circulatory or respiratory system Monoecious except schistosomes All are parasitic
9
Q
How is enterobius vermicularis treated
A
Mebendazole Albendazole Pyrantel pamoate all work Treat all family members!!!
10
Q
How are ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed
A
Finding distinctive eggs in feces
11
Q
Which worm types cause elephantiasis
A
12
Q
A
13
Q
Where do nematodes occupy in humans
A
Gut and tissues
14
Q
Trematodes require what to complete life cycle
A
Fresh water and freshwater gastropod
15
Q
How are people infected with trichuris trichiura
A
Swallowing eggs and parasite occurs in warm moist regions Eggs hatch in small intestine and migrate to become adults in large intestine
16
Q
How is water fluke diagnosed
A
Finding eggs in stool
17
Q
How do people become infected with ascaris lumbricoides
A
By eating fecal contaminated food, contaminated hands
18
Q
Problematic cysticercosis is treated with
A
Surgery Anti parasitic drugs
19
Q
Where do female enterobius vermicularis migrate to lay eggs
A
Migrate out of rectum lay eggs in perianal region then die
20
Q
What causes “river blindness”
A
Onchoverca volvulus
21
Q
All schistosomiasis species have eggs that lodge where and cause what
A
Liver and spleen inducing granuloma
22
Q
Most pathology of schistosomiasis relates to what
A
Egg deposition in tissues
23
Q
How do you avoid water fluke
A
Don’t eat raw water grown vegetables
24
Q
How is water fluke treated
A
Oral triclabendazole
25
What’s the largest tapeworm to infect humans
Giant fish tapeworm
26
What causes this
Echinococcus Granulosus
27
S. Haematobium is associated with what disease
Increased risk for bladder cancer
28
Describe the shape of nematodes
Round worms with a cuticle Have a gut and anus Have simple nervous system with both motor and sensory capabilities
29
What are some symptoms of trichuris thrichuria infection
Mostly symptomless Some non specific GI stuff Super rare rectal prolapse
30
Eggs of enterobius vermicularis can cause what symptoms
Priorities and upon scratching can stick to fingers, upon drying can become airborne
31
What is notable about strongyloids stercoralis
It replicates in host
32
How do humans get liver fluke
Eating watercress or similar
33
All nematodes are
Dioecious
34
How is schistosomiasis diagnoses
Eggs in feces or ruin
35
What helminths do you get from ingesting eggs, what type, diagnosis and treatment
36
How do you get taenia solium
From eating pork
37
Echinococcus granulosus causes what
Echinococcosis or hydatid disease
38
What can hookworm cause due to what they feed on
They feed on blood so can cause anemia
39
Strongyloids are what
Nematode
40
What helminth is this and what is its life cycle and what can it cause
Wucheria Bancrofti
Lymphatic filiariasis
41
What is the vector for loa loa
Mango fly
42
How do you diagnoses filariasis
Blood smear
43
What helminths do you get from insect vectors, type, diagnosis, treatment
44
Ingesting eggs of taenia solium can cause what
Cysticercosis which is v dangerous Negatively geo tropic and can lodge in brain or eye of patient
45
Name this, how you get it, how you diagnose, how you treat
Schistosomiasis
By skin contact with infected water
Eggs in urine or fecal sample
Prazaquantel
46
E. Multilocularis larvae keep proliferating until what
They metastasize everywhere
47
Which type of helminth always uses a snail in the life cycle
Trematodes
48
What is diagnostic fro T. Taenia
Eggs or proglottids in stool
49
How are humans infected with opisthrochis viverrini
Eating raw fish infected with metacercarial stage
50
What type of hypersensitivity is associated with helminths
Type 1
51
Describe the life cycle of a loa loa infection in humans
Mango flies feed on blood and inject L3 into the host L3 develop into adults which migrate subcutaneously including across eye
52
What are long term symptoms of lymphatic filariasis infection
Lymphodema Hydrocele
53
There are more what on the planet than any other animal
Nematodes
54
What is the most common cause of trichonosis and where do you get it
Trichinella spiralis from eating undercooked pork or bear
55
What are the organisms that can be spread by cats or dogs
T. Canis T. Cati
56
How is onchocerca volvulus transmitted to humans
Black fly
57
How is echinococcosis diagnosed
CT, MRI Serology
58
How is loa loa treated
DEC Albendazole can help
59
O. Viverrini is implicated in induction of what disease
Cholangiocarcinoma
60
What are symptoms of schistosomiasis
Flu like followed by abdominal pains, blood or pain when passing feces or urine
61
When are larvae of trichinella spp shed by human infected
1 week after infection
62
How is this transmitted, what is it transmitted as and what is it called
Loa Loa
Mango Flies
Injected as L3
63
E. Multilocularis is found in what animal
Foxes and other predators
64
How do strongyloids stercoralis infect humans
Usually associated with bare feet in sewage contaminated environments
65
What is this, where does it come from, how do you get it
Cysticerosis
From Taenia solium
From eating larval infested pork
66
Where do adult opisthorichis viverrini live in humans
Bile duct
67
What are symptoms of onchocerca volvulus infection
Pruritis in the skin or keratitis in the eye
68
How is onchocerca volvulus diagnosed
Skin snips or nodule removal and examination
69
What causes this
Echinococcus Multilocularis
70
T. Saginata aquired from what
Eating infected undercooked or raw, beef
71
Schistosomiasis requires what as a vector
Snail
72
What do liver fluke require in their process to getting to humans
Water snails and sheep
73
How is ascaris lumbricoides treated
Albendazole Mebendazole
74
Trichonosis
Encrysted Larvae
75
How do onchocerca volvulus cause symptoms
Adults form subcutaneous nodules but micro filarial migrate and if they reach the eyes can induce an inflammatory response resulting in blindness
76
Name this helminth, how you get it, and how its diagnosed
Strongyloides Stercoralis
Larvae are free living, can petetrate skin
They replicate in host
Diagnosed larvae in stool
77
Adult enterobius vermicularis live where in humans
Cecum
78
All helminth infections except filariasis are a public health problem, why are filarial infections non a public health problem
They are transmitted by flies, others are transmitted through poor sanitation
79
Which nematodes are cutaneous infection
T. Canis and T. Cati
80
What do you not look for when looking for trichinosis
Eggs! There are no eggs in this for diagnostic purposes
81
Where do ascaris lubricoides live
Small intestine
82
Whats the first intermediate stage of opisthorchis viverrini
Snail
83
Treatment of giant fish tapeworm
Praziquantel or nicosamide
84
Describe the life cycle of trichinella spp when its been ingested
1. Enter striated muscle as L1 2. Encyst then quickly molt to become muscle larvae 3. Ingestion of patent muscle larvae passes on the infection
85
What are the two species of hookworm that infect humans
Acylostoma duodenale - old world Nectar americanus - new world
86
How do you diagnose loa loa
Problematic unless worms or swelling are seen
87
How is enterobius vermicularis diagnosed
Scotch tape test, identify worms around anus
88
How is trichuris trichiura treated
Albendazole Mebendazole
89
What helminth can cause this as a rare complication
Trichuris trichuria
90
Large numbers of adult ascaris lumbricoides can cause what
Physically block the gut
91
Necator Americanus (Hook Work)
92
Water fluke symptoms
Vomiting Nausea Tenderness
93
How is echinococcosis transmitted to humans
Ingesting eggs from caniid feces
94
How is hookworm treated
Albendazole Mebendazole
95
All flukes and tapeworms are what
Monoecious
96
Where do thrichuris trichiura reside in humans
Colon and cecum
97
What is the treatment for lymphatic filariasis
DEC, only available after positive ID of infection
98
How is schistosomiasis treated
Praziquantel
99
Ascaris Lumbricoides
100
Ancylostoma Duodenale (Hook Worm)
101
What it’s the life cycle of enterobius vermicularis in people
Eggs hatch in small intestine and larvae migrate to cecum to become adults Mating occurs in cecum and gravid females migrate to outside work through anus at night
102
Whats causes this and what is it called
Hanging groin
Onchocerca volvulus
103
What type of reproduction do nematodes use
Sexual
104
Giant fish tapeworm diagnosis
History Fecal eggs or worm segments in stool
105
What causes this, how do you diagnose, treat
D. Latum
Fecal eggs
Praziquantel
106
How is trichuris trichuria diagnosed
Eggs in feces
107
What becomes of shed rhadbitiform larvae
Infective or free living
108
What causes this, how is it transmitted
Onchocerca Volvolus
By black fly
109
How do you treat trichinosis
Albendazole Mebendazole
110
How is strongyloides stercoralis treated
Ivermectin Sometimes mebendazole
111
How are people infected with tapeworms
Eating undercooked meat or fish
112
How are humans infected with echinococcus
Ingestion of eggs through carnivore species
113
How does hookworm get into the body
L3 larvae are skin penetrating and reach the lungs via the circulatory system
114
What heminths do you get from ingesting larvae, type, diagnosis, treatmen t
115
How does infection with ascaris lumbricoides work
Where eggs are laid in warm moist environment, embryonate and then are swallowed or inhaled by host Larvae then hatch in gut, enter circulation, enter lungs, migrate up trachea, are swallowed then go back to intestine!
116
Infection with schistosomiasis can cause what
Swimmers itch
117
How is strongyloides stercoralis diagnosed
Observing larvae in stool samples
118
Describe the lifescycle of a hookworm
119
Taenia sodium is aka
Pork tapeworm
120
What helminth is this and how do you get it/where does it reside
Trichuris Trichuria
Ingesting eggs
Colon and Secum is where it resides
121
What are some examples of parasites that can infect humans through the skin
Hookworm Schistosomes Strongyloids
122
Lymphatic filariasis cause what
Elephantiasis
123
Where do people get hookworm usually
Warm moist environments where people walk without shoes
124
Adult hookworms live where in humans
Small intestine
125
What is this, how is it transmitted, diagnosed and treated
Liver Fluke
consuming the metacarcariea
finding eggs in stool
Treated with triclibendazole
126
Life cycel of opisthorchis viverrini
127
Enterobius vermicularis is aka
Human pinworm
128
How do you diagnose trichinosis
Patient history Antibody Muscle biopsy
129
Which is the exception to the rule that all flukes and tapeworms are monoecious
Schistosomes they are diecious
130
How is onchocerca volvulus treated
Ivermectin every 6 months to prevent reinfection
131
What are symptoms of stronglyloides in people? In immunosuppressed people?
Symptomless usually, abdominal disconfort or a pruirtic rash Immunodeficient can get fatal infection
132
E. Granulosus is what
Dog tapeworm
133
How is hookworm diagnosed
Spotting eggs in feces
134
What kills taenia
Ppraziquantel or niclosamide
135
What is trichonosis caused by
Eating animals that eat meat, undercooked meat infected with larvae of trichinella spp.
136
T. Saginata differs from T. Solium because it doesn’t cause what
Cysticercosis
137
How do humans get infected with giant fish tapeworm
Eating raw or under footed freshwater fish
138
Helminths are what type of parasite
Metozoan
139
Filariform larvae can do what to infect humans
Penetrate skin
140
What type of T cells are associated with helminth infections
Th2
141
Name the helminth, how you get it, how its diagnosed, how you treat
Human Pinworm aka Enterobius Vermicularis
Ingesting eggs
Scotch tape test
LIve in cecum, migrate out rectum, lay eggs in perianal region
treated with Meb/Alb
142
Who are at risk of getting onchocerca volvulus
People who live long term by fast flowing tropical rivers
143
What is this, how do you get it, how do you diagnose
Taenia Solium
Eating raw or undercooked pork
Eggs in stool diagnostic
144
How is echinococcosis treated
Surgery best but all of parasite must be removed Albendazole may or may not work
145
Subcutaneous filarial parasites are transmitted by what
Black flies or deer/horse flies
146
High infections of hookworm in children has been associated with what
Lack of growth and mental development
147
Many parasitic infections can be diagnosed by
Fecal eggs
148
Cysts due to E. Granulosus are unnoticed until what
They rupture
149
E. Granulosus causes leakage of parasite material stimulating what response
IgE
150
Most helminth parasitic infections are largely what
Asmyptomatic
151
Lymphatic filarial worms are transmitted by what
Mosquitos
152
Symptoms of a trichinosis infection
Diarrhea Edema Fever Splinter hemorrhage’s
153
How is cysticercosis diagnosed
CT or MRI, test all family members
154
what is this
trichuris trichuria
155
Pt presents with this in stool and nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, what parasite is it?
liver fluke
156
what is this
cercaria of schistosomiasis
157
what is this
egg of taenia
158
what causes this
echinococcus granulosis
