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IBI Test 3 > B3.045 - Prework Helminths > Flashcards

B3.045 - Prework Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

What helminths do you get from skin penetration, type, diagnosis, treatment

A
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2
Q

What can cause a rupture of a cyst due to E. Granulosus

A

Vigorous exercise or a blow

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3
Q

What are symptoms of an ascaris lumbricoides infection

A

Abdominal discomfort, cough as larvae migrate

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4
Q

Where do eggs of strongyloids sterceralis hatch in humans

A

Lumen to give rhabditiform larvae

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5
Q

What are symptoms of loa loa

A

Pruritis, most asymptomatic

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6
Q

How is E. Granulosus treated

A

Problematic with surgery, percutaneous treatments or albendazole

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7
Q

How do you treat canine and feline nematodes

A

Mebendazole, kills but they are still there!

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8
Q

Describe features of tapeworms and trematodes

A

No gut but absorb nutrients No circulatory or respiratory system Monoecious except schistosomes All are parasitic

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9
Q

How is enterobius vermicularis treated

A

Mebendazole Albendazole Pyrantel pamoate all work Treat all family members!!!

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10
Q

How are ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed

A

Finding distinctive eggs in feces

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11
Q

Which worm types cause elephantiasis

A
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Where do nematodes occupy in humans

A

Gut and tissues

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14
Q

Trematodes require what to complete life cycle

A

Fresh water and freshwater gastropod

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15
Q

How are people infected with trichuris trichiura

A

Swallowing eggs and parasite occurs in warm moist regions Eggs hatch in small intestine and migrate to become adults in large intestine

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16
Q

How is water fluke diagnosed

A

Finding eggs in stool

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17
Q

How do people become infected with ascaris lumbricoides

A

By eating fecal contaminated food, contaminated hands

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18
Q

Problematic cysticercosis is treated with

A

Surgery Anti parasitic drugs

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19
Q

Where do female enterobius vermicularis migrate to lay eggs

A

Migrate out of rectum lay eggs in perianal region then die

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20
Q

What causes “river blindness”

A

Onchoverca volvulus

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21
Q

All schistosomiasis species have eggs that lodge where and cause what

A

Liver and spleen inducing granuloma

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22
Q

Most pathology of schistosomiasis relates to what

A

Egg deposition in tissues

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23
Q

How do you avoid water fluke

A

Don’t eat raw water grown vegetables

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24
Q

How is water fluke treated

A

Oral triclabendazole

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25
Q

What’s the largest tapeworm to infect humans

A

Giant fish tapeworm

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26
Q

What causes this

A

Echinococcus Granulosus

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27
Q

S. Haematobium is associated with what disease

A

Increased risk for bladder cancer

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28
Q

Describe the shape of nematodes

A

Round worms with a cuticle Have a gut and anus Have simple nervous system with both motor and sensory capabilities

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29
Q

What are some symptoms of trichuris thrichuria infection

A

Mostly symptomless Some non specific GI stuff Super rare rectal prolapse

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30
Q

Eggs of enterobius vermicularis can cause what symptoms

A

Priorities and upon scratching can stick to fingers, upon drying can become airborne

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31
Q

What is notable about strongyloids stercoralis

A

It replicates in host

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32
Q

How do humans get liver fluke

A

Eating watercress or similar

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33
Q

All nematodes are

A

Dioecious

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34
Q

How is schistosomiasis diagnoses

A

Eggs in feces or ruin

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35
Q

What helminths do you get from ingesting eggs, what type, diagnosis and treatment

A
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36
Q

How do you get taenia solium

A

From eating pork

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37
Q

Echinococcus granulosus causes what

A

Echinococcosis or hydatid disease

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38
Q

What can hookworm cause due to what they feed on

A

They feed on blood so can cause anemia

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39
Q

Strongyloids are what

A

Nematode

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40
Q

What helminth is this and what is its life cycle and what can it cause

A

Wucheria Bancrofti

Lymphatic filiariasis

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41
Q

What is the vector for loa loa

A

Mango fly

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42
Q

How do you diagnoses filariasis

A

Blood smear

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43
Q

What helminths do you get from insect vectors, type, diagnosis, treatment

A
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44
Q

Ingesting eggs of taenia solium can cause what

A

Cysticercosis which is v dangerous Negatively geo tropic and can lodge in brain or eye of patient

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45
Q

Name this, how you get it, how you diagnose, how you treat

A

Schistosomiasis

By skin contact with infected water

Eggs in urine or fecal sample

Prazaquantel

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46
Q

E. Multilocularis larvae keep proliferating until what

A

They metastasize everywhere

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47
Q

Which type of helminth always uses a snail in the life cycle

A

Trematodes

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48
Q

What is diagnostic fro T. Taenia

A

Eggs or proglottids in stool

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49
Q

How are humans infected with opisthrochis viverrini

A

Eating raw fish infected with metacercarial stage

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50
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with helminths

A

Type 1

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51
Q

Describe the life cycle of a loa loa infection in humans

A

Mango flies feed on blood and inject L3 into the host L3 develop into adults which migrate subcutaneously including across eye

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52
Q

What are long term symptoms of lymphatic filariasis infection

A

Lymphodema Hydrocele

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53
Q

There are more what on the planet than any other animal

A

Nematodes

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54
Q

What is the most common cause of trichonosis and where do you get it

A

Trichinella spiralis from eating undercooked pork or bear

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55
Q

What are the organisms that can be spread by cats or dogs

A

T. Canis T. Cati

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56
Q

How is onchocerca volvulus transmitted to humans

A

Black fly

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57
Q

How is echinococcosis diagnosed

A

CT, MRI Serology

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58
Q

How is loa loa treated

A

DEC Albendazole can help

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59
Q

O. Viverrini is implicated in induction of what disease

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

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60
Q

What are symptoms of schistosomiasis

A

Flu like followed by abdominal pains, blood or pain when passing feces or urine

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61
Q

When are larvae of trichinella spp shed by human infected

A

1 week after infection

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62
Q

How is this transmitted, what is it transmitted as and what is it called

A

Loa Loa

Mango Flies

Injected as L3

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63
Q

E. Multilocularis is found in what animal

A

Foxes and other predators

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64
Q

How do strongyloids stercoralis infect humans

A

Usually associated with bare feet in sewage contaminated environments

65
Q

What is this, where does it come from, how do you get it

A

Cysticerosis

From Taenia solium

From eating larval infested pork

66
Q

Where do adult opisthorichis viverrini live in humans

A

Bile duct

67
Q

What are symptoms of onchocerca volvulus infection

A

Pruritis in the skin or keratitis in the eye

68
Q

How is onchocerca volvulus diagnosed

A

Skin snips or nodule removal and examination

69
Q

What causes this

A

Echinococcus Multilocularis

70
Q

T. Saginata aquired from what

A

Eating infected undercooked or raw, beef

71
Q

Schistosomiasis requires what as a vector

A

Snail

72
Q

What do liver fluke require in their process to getting to humans

A

Water snails and sheep

73
Q

How is ascaris lumbricoides treated

A

Albendazole Mebendazole

74
Q
A

Trichonosis

Encrysted Larvae

75
Q

How do onchocerca volvulus cause symptoms

A

Adults form subcutaneous nodules but micro filarial migrate and if they reach the eyes can induce an inflammatory response resulting in blindness

76
Q

Name this helminth, how you get it, and how its diagnosed

A

Strongyloides Stercoralis

Larvae are free living, can petetrate skin

They replicate in host

Diagnosed larvae in stool

77
Q

Adult enterobius vermicularis live where in humans

A

Cecum

78
Q

All helminth infections except filariasis are a public health problem, why are filarial infections non a public health problem

A

They are transmitted by flies, others are transmitted through poor sanitation

79
Q

Which nematodes are cutaneous infection

A

T. Canis and T. Cati

80
Q

What do you not look for when looking for trichinosis

A

Eggs! There are no eggs in this for diagnostic purposes

81
Q

Where do ascaris lubricoides live

A

Small intestine

82
Q

Whats the first intermediate stage of opisthorchis viverrini

A

Snail

83
Q

Treatment of giant fish tapeworm

A

Praziquantel or nicosamide

84
Q

Describe the life cycle of trichinella spp when its been ingested

A
  1. Enter striated muscle as L1 2. Encyst then quickly molt to become muscle larvae 3. Ingestion of patent muscle larvae passes on the infection
85
Q

What are the two species of hookworm that infect humans

A

Acylostoma duodenale - old world Nectar americanus - new world

86
Q

How do you diagnose loa loa

A

Problematic unless worms or swelling are seen

87
Q

How is enterobius vermicularis diagnosed

A

Scotch tape test, identify worms around anus

88
Q

How is trichuris trichiura treated

A

Albendazole Mebendazole

89
Q

What helminth can cause this as a rare complication

A

Trichuris trichuria

90
Q

Large numbers of adult ascaris lumbricoides can cause what

A

Physically block the gut

91
Q
A

Necator Americanus (Hook Work)

92
Q

Water fluke symptoms

A

Vomiting Nausea Tenderness

93
Q

How is echinococcosis transmitted to humans

A

Ingesting eggs from caniid feces

94
Q

How is hookworm treated

A

Albendazole Mebendazole

95
Q

All flukes and tapeworms are what

A

Monoecious

96
Q

Where do thrichuris trichiura reside in humans

A

Colon and cecum

97
Q

What is the treatment for lymphatic filariasis

A

DEC, only available after positive ID of infection

98
Q

How is schistosomiasis treated

A

Praziquantel

99
Q
A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

100
Q
A

Ancylostoma Duodenale (Hook Worm)

101
Q

What it’s the life cycle of enterobius vermicularis in people

A

Eggs hatch in small intestine and larvae migrate to cecum to become adults Mating occurs in cecum and gravid females migrate to outside work through anus at night

102
Q

Whats causes this and what is it called

A

Hanging groin

Onchocerca volvulus

103
Q

What type of reproduction do nematodes use

A

Sexual

104
Q

Giant fish tapeworm diagnosis

A

History Fecal eggs or worm segments in stool

105
Q

What causes this, how do you diagnose, treat

A

D. Latum

Fecal eggs

Praziquantel

106
Q

How is trichuris trichuria diagnosed

A

Eggs in feces

107
Q

What becomes of shed rhadbitiform larvae

A

Infective or free living

108
Q

What causes this, how is it transmitted

A

Onchocerca Volvolus

By black fly

109
Q

How do you treat trichinosis

A

Albendazole Mebendazole

110
Q

How is strongyloides stercoralis treated

A

Ivermectin Sometimes mebendazole

111
Q

How are people infected with tapeworms

A

Eating undercooked meat or fish

112
Q

How are humans infected with echinococcus

A

Ingestion of eggs through carnivore species

113
Q

How does hookworm get into the body

A

L3 larvae are skin penetrating and reach the lungs via the circulatory system

114
Q

What heminths do you get from ingesting larvae, type, diagnosis, treatmen t

A
115
Q

How does infection with ascaris lumbricoides work

A

Where eggs are laid in warm moist environment, embryonate and then are swallowed or inhaled by host Larvae then hatch in gut, enter circulation, enter lungs, migrate up trachea, are swallowed then go back to intestine!

116
Q

Infection with schistosomiasis can cause what

A

Swimmers itch

117
Q

How is strongyloides stercoralis diagnosed

A

Observing larvae in stool samples

118
Q

Describe the lifescycle of a hookworm

A
119
Q

Taenia sodium is aka

A

Pork tapeworm

120
Q

What helminth is this and how do you get it/where does it reside

A

Trichuris Trichuria

Ingesting eggs

Colon and Secum is where it resides

121
Q

What are some examples of parasites that can infect humans through the skin

A

Hookworm Schistosomes Strongyloids

122
Q

Lymphatic filariasis cause what

A

Elephantiasis

123
Q

Where do people get hookworm usually

A

Warm moist environments where people walk without shoes

124
Q

Adult hookworms live where in humans

A

Small intestine

125
Q

What is this, how is it transmitted, diagnosed and treated

A

Liver Fluke

consuming the metacarcariea

finding eggs in stool

Treated with triclibendazole

126
Q

Life cycel of opisthorchis viverrini

A
127
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is aka

A

Human pinworm

128
Q

How do you diagnose trichinosis

A

Patient history Antibody Muscle biopsy

129
Q

Which is the exception to the rule that all flukes and tapeworms are monoecious

A

Schistosomes they are diecious

130
Q

How is onchocerca volvulus treated

A

Ivermectin every 6 months to prevent reinfection

131
Q

What are symptoms of stronglyloides in people? In immunosuppressed people?

A

Symptomless usually, abdominal disconfort or a pruirtic rash Immunodeficient can get fatal infection

132
Q

E. Granulosus is what

A

Dog tapeworm

133
Q

How is hookworm diagnosed

A

Spotting eggs in feces

134
Q

What kills taenia

A

Ppraziquantel or niclosamide

135
Q

What is trichonosis caused by

A

Eating animals that eat meat, undercooked meat infected with larvae of trichinella spp.

136
Q

T. Saginata differs from T. Solium because it doesn’t cause what

A

Cysticercosis

137
Q

How do humans get infected with giant fish tapeworm

A

Eating raw or under footed freshwater fish

138
Q

Helminths are what type of parasite

A

Metozoan

139
Q

Filariform larvae can do what to infect humans

A

Penetrate skin

140
Q

What type of T cells are associated with helminth infections

A

Th2

141
Q

Name the helminth, how you get it, how its diagnosed, how you treat

A

Human Pinworm aka Enterobius Vermicularis

Ingesting eggs

Scotch tape test

LIve in cecum, migrate out rectum, lay eggs in perianal region

treated with Meb/Alb

142
Q

Who are at risk of getting onchocerca volvulus

A

People who live long term by fast flowing tropical rivers

143
Q

What is this, how do you get it, how do you diagnose

A

Taenia Solium

Eating raw or undercooked pork

Eggs in stool diagnostic

144
Q

How is echinococcosis treated

A

Surgery best but all of parasite must be removed Albendazole may or may not work

145
Q

Subcutaneous filarial parasites are transmitted by what

A

Black flies or deer/horse flies

146
Q

High infections of hookworm in children has been associated with what

A

Lack of growth and mental development

147
Q

Many parasitic infections can be diagnosed by

A

Fecal eggs

148
Q

Cysts due to E. Granulosus are unnoticed until what

A

They rupture

149
Q

E. Granulosus causes leakage of parasite material stimulating what response

A

IgE

150
Q

Most helminth parasitic infections are largely what

A

Asmyptomatic

151
Q

Lymphatic filarial worms are transmitted by what

A

Mosquitos

152
Q

Symptoms of a trichinosis infection

A

Diarrhea Edema Fever Splinter hemorrhage’s

153
Q

How is cysticercosis diagnosed

A

CT or MRI, test all family members

154
Q

what is this

A

trichuris trichuria

155
Q

Pt presents with this in stool and nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, what parasite is it?

A

liver fluke

156
Q

what is this

A

cercaria of schistosomiasis

157
Q

what is this

A

egg of taenia

158
Q

what causes this

A

echinococcus granulosis

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