B3.045 - Blood and Tissue Parasites Flashcards
1
Q
what bug transmits leishmania
A
sand fly
2
Q
free living amebae we should know
A
naegleria fowleri
acanthamoeba sp
balamuthia mandrillaris
3
Q
when treating non falciparum malaria what do you always add if not contraindicated
A
primaquine
4
Q
which drug has high resistance
A
chloroquine
5
Q
free living amebae found where
A
EVERYWHERE!
6
Q
what is your typical classic patient presenting with Chagas
A
South american patient
7
Q
Dx of toxoplasma gondii
A
imagin
serology
histo - free tachyzoites and tissue cysts
PCR
8
Q
rapid antigen tests must be backed up by what
A
thick smear
9
Q
how is babesia transmitted
A
via Ixodes tick
10
Q
when do you get draws for malaria blood smear
A
3 spaced 12-24 hours
11
Q
treatment of babesia
A
Atovoquone + azithromycin
12
Q
pathogenesis of babesia
A
13
Q
where is the epimastagote of trypanosoma sp found
A
the vector
14
Q
what is the most dangerous time for malaria age wise
A
late infancy through childhood
15
Q
what is this (its from the eye)
A
amebic keratitis
16
Q
which type of malaria causes continuous fever
A
falciparum
17
Q
Clinically important species of trypanosoma
A
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei Rhodesiense
T. Cruzi
18
Q
diagnostic options of T. brucei
A
Labs - anemia, leukocytoiss, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia
tripomastigotes in blood
History
19
Q
how is T. brucei transmitted
A
tsetse fly
20
Q
malaria treatment flow chart
A
21
Q
malarial paroxysm (3 stages)
A
- cold or chilling stage
- Hot stage
- sweating stage
22
Q
Leishemania hemoflagellates live where
A
intracellularly in MACROPHAGE!!
23
Q
treatment of leishmania
A
expert consultation
24
Q
how is cutaneous leishmaniasis treated
A
usually treats itself you can just help with scar
25
What is this
T. Brucei gambiense
26
what transmits T. cruzi
triatome bugs
27
What is the causative agent of malaria
plasmodium Flalciparum and vivax
28
how is malaria transmitted
anopheles mosquito
29
where is the trypomastigote found in trypanosoma sp and what are some of its features
non dividing, motile, found in blood
30
what are the 5 species of plasmodium to know
falciparum vivax ovale malariae knowlesi
31
hallmark of malaria and which types
Cyclic fevers
Every 48 hours w vivax and ovale
Every 72 hours malariae
32
diagnosis fo malaria
identification of parasite in blood on blood smear via Giemsa stain
33
what is this
Chancre at site of T. Brucei bite
34
T. cruzi who gets it
all acute or reactivated
Congenital
Chronic in kids and adults up to 50
35
why is blood transfusion no longer recommended
lack or correlative outcome data
36
Babesis
Note: maltese crosses and more extracellular
37
where do you look up malaria treatments
CDC yellow book
38
clinical symptoms of free living amebea
CNS disease
PAM - infection by swimming, diving, netti pot
GAE - enters through skin (injury), lung, muchosa
39
if your patient has severe malaria what do you do
quinidine if avail, if not call CDC malaria hotline
40
clinical symptoms of toxoplasma gondii in immunocompetent host
asymptomatic
flu like symptoms - monospot-negative but looks like mono
41
how is T. cruzi transmitted
kissing bug
Reduviid bug
Triatome bug
Transfusions
42
how does PAM present and what organism is it associated with
rapid onset, headache, looks like bact. meningitis, death usually within a week
maegleria fowleri
43
specific diagnosis of babesia
peripheral blood smear, look fro ring forms and maltese crosses
44
Ramonas signs
indicates T. Cruzi
45
what parasite lives in humans macrophages
leishmania sp
46
serology of babesia
B. microti IFA
47
toxoplasma gondii
48
what causes the african sleeping sickness
T. brucei
49
Dx of PAM
GAE
AK
PAM - microscopic exam of CSF
GAE - histo - brain, skin
AK - culture, micro, histo
50
GAE symptoms and what orgnanism is it associated with
hematogenous dissemination to brain, fever
acanthamoeba
51
toxoplasma gondii definitive host
cats
52
what are these examples of and where are they found
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
new world, brazil, amazon
53
describe the complications that come from each type of malaria
54
Why are only the ring forms seen on this smear and what type is it
Thin, bc the larger ones are sequestered in organ system
55
what does primaquine do
schizonticidal
56
symptoms of T. cruzi
mostly in \<15 yo
local reaction chagoma followed by malaise, fever, ROMANAS SIGN!
Painless unilateral edema of both eyelids
57
amebic keratitis
how do you get it, what is the organism, who gets it
infection of cornea ass with contact wearers
keratitis
immunocompetent adults
acanthamoeba sp
58
what is sequestration
endothelial margination and stickiness
due to erythrocytes containing mature forms sequester in postcapillary venules of organs
59
LIfe cycle of malaria
60
what does babesia look and act like
Looks like malaria, acts like Lyme disease
61
blood smear is done on what for malaria
thin and thick blood films, EDTA blood
Thick - screening (sn)
Thin - sp identification
62
what is a lab criteria to keep an eye on in malaria
parasitemia \>3%
63
T. cruzi
64
clinicla syndromes of leishmaniasis
65
babesia is often seen as what
coinfection wiht other diseases transmitted by ixodes
66
incubation time of malaria
2-3wk range
67
taoxoplasma gondii clinical symptoms in immunocompromised host
febrile illness wiht CNS symptoms, can be primary infection or reactivation
68
highest risk of getting malaria
visiting friends and relatives
69
most virulent species that causes malaria
falciparum
70
Clincal symptoms of malaria
71
what is this
Thick smear, look for pink center and blue/purplish ring
72
what is a fast test for malaria
Antigen detection rapid test but decreases sesnsitivity for non falciparum sp
73
clinical disease of T. cruzi characterized by
Mega Heart - cardiomyopathy, arrythmia
Mega colon - loss of peristalsis
Mega esophagus - loss of peristalsis
74
what causes malarial symptoms
killing red blood cells
Cytokine release TNF --\> fever
75
Descrieb the trypanosoma life cycle
76
which parasite is free living
amebae
77
what is african sleeping sickness signs stage 1
winter bottom sign - posterior cervical adenopathy
chancre at bite site
78
Where is leishmania found in the world (blue parts of map)
think brazil
79
seasonality of babesia
June-august
80
trypanosoma cruzi life cycle
Think: Contaminative transmission
81
malaria immunity requires what
repeated exposure
wanes with lack of exposure
82
diagnosis of leishmania sp
clincal/epidemiological
spleen, liver, bone marrow aspirate
usually a bone marrow aspirate
83
labs of babesia species
decreased platelets, Hb, WBC
84
What causes chagas disease
T. Cruzi
85
diagnosis of T. cruzi
blood smears acutely
Histo chroncally
86
epidemiology of T. cruzi
87
where is teh amastigote of trypanosoma sp found and describe its features
Intracellular
dividing, found in tissues, nonmotile
88
which drugs are tissue schizonticidal and blood shizonticidal
89
toxoplasma gondii clincial symptoms congenital
classic triad
1. chorioretinitis
2. intracranial calcifications
3. hyrdocephalus
90
what are stage 2 symptoms of T.brucei caused african sleeping sickness
wasting, meningoencephalitis
CNS issues
altered sleeping cycle
91
toxoplasma gondii lifecycle
92
what are these examples of
cutaneous leishmaniasis
93
what are these examples of
94
Sporizoites penetrate the hepatocyte via what adn then what happens
attachment of the sporozoite surface protein coat to the hepatocyte haparan sulfate glycoproteins and LDL receptor
95
how do you differentiate T. cruzi from T. brucelis
the kitenoblasts are larger on Cruzi
96
smyptoms of malaria
fever, chills, headache
97
what are clinical symptoms of babesia
febrile illness with anemie
worse in asplenic
shaking, chills, sweats, fever, headache, myalgias
