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IBI Test 3 > B3.045 - Prework Fungi > Flashcards

B3.045 - Prework Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors of blastomycosis

A

Immunocompromised

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2
Q

Pulmonary disease of spirotrichosis and disseminated

A

May mimic TB Systemic symptoms, meningitis

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3
Q

Transmission of dimorphic mycoses

A

Inhalation of mold (NOT person to person)

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4
Q

Candidiasis culture maybe

A

Skin Mucous membrane Urine Vaginal Respiratory

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5
Q

what is this

acute angle branching

A

asperogillus

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6
Q
A

paracoccidiomycosis

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7
Q

What test helps you identify c. Albicans

A

Germ tube test

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8
Q

What is pseudohyphae

A

Chain of cells produced when buds fail to disassociate; constricted at septa (sausage like)

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9
Q

what is this

A

mucormycosis

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10
Q

Risk factors of talaromycosis

A

Immunocompromised

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11
Q

Conidium

A

Asexual similar to spores but not enclosed in sac

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12
Q

Mycology of coccidiomycosis 35-37 degrees

A

No yeast colonies

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13
Q

Culture of blastomycosis mold

A

Septate hyphae, conidiophore and conidia = lollipop

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14
Q

Dematiacoius

A

Contains pigment

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15
Q

Transmission of aspergillosis

A

Inhalation, traumatic implantation

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16
Q

Mycology of candidiasis microscopic

A

Budding yeast, pseudohyphae, hyphae

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17
Q

How is cryptococcus diagnosed

A

antigen detection Culture Histo molecular

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18
Q

Where does tinea barbae occur

A

Bearded areas of face and neck

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19
Q

Culture of candidiasis

A

White - buff, pasty, rapid growth, some produce feet

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20
Q

Aspergillosis types

A

Fumigatus Niger Flavus

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21
Q

Clinical disease of aspergillosis

A

Allergic bronchopneumonia Ray aspergillosis and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction in CF and asthma patients

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22
Q

What test helps identify c. Glabrata

A

Trehalose (RAT test)

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23
Q

Clinical presentation of blastomycosis

A

Asymptomatic Acute or chronic pneumonia Cutaneous lesions CNS, bone

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24
Q

Culture of blastomycosis yeast

A

Skin, lower RT, bone, prostate, CSF, brain biopsy Yeast 14 d growth, broad based budding, thick walled, refractive

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25
Q
A

cryptococcus

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26
Q

Transmission of pneumocystis

A

Inhalation

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27
Q

In non immunocompromised patient what presentation does aspergillosis have

A

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

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28
Q

Clinical disease of spirotrichosis

A

Rose gardeners disease Ulcerated spread via lymphatics

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29
Q

Ecology of c. Neoformans

A

Pigeon poop, old buildings, burns, roosts/nests, demo sites

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30
Q

Candidiasis organisms

A

C. Albicans C. Glabrata C. Parapsilosis C. Tropicalis C. Krusei

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31
Q

Transmission of sporotrichosis

A

Traumatic implantation Aerosolization - pulmonary infection

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32
Q

Mycology of sporotrichosis yeast v mold

A

Yeast - elongated, cigar shaped Mold - clusters of candidiasis (rosette) at conidiophore

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33
Q

Ecology of c. Gattii

A

Subtropical Eucalyptus PacNW

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34
Q

When you see arthroconidia thing

A

Coccidiomycosis

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35
Q

Clinical disease of pneumocystis

A

PCP - pneumocystis pneumonia

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36
Q

Transmission of cryptococcus

A

Inhalation Hamatogenous dissemination to blood, CNS, BM, skin, bone, other

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37
Q

Transmission of mucormycosis

A

Inhalation of spores, subq, ingestion

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38
Q

what is this

A

Mucormycosis

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39
Q

Which type of aspergillosis is found in leukemic patients

A

Flavus

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40
Q

Why is pneumocystis like a parasite

A

Has trophozoites and cysts

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41
Q

How is the yeast phase of histoplasmosis spread

A

Through the lymphatics

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42
Q

Risk of pneumocystis

A

Immunosuppresion

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43
Q

Where do you find mucromycosis

A

Great mold, ubiquitous in environment, soil, decomposing matter

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44
Q

Risk factors of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Occupational, male at work

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45
Q

what is this

A

sporathrix schenckii

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46
Q

Mircospically on culture they look like

A

Round, budding yeast, variable size, narrow buds, polysaccharide capsule Cream/yellow/tan

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47
Q

What is unicellular production of fungi

A

Yeast

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48
Q

what fungus is found here

A

blastomycosis

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49
Q

How are dermatophytes transmitted

A

Person to person Animals Soil

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50
Q

wtf is this

A

coccidiomycosis

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51
Q

Where does tinea pedis occur

A

Foot

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52
Q

Transmission of candidiasis

A

Usually endogenous origin Breakdown of mucosal membranes/host immune system

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53
Q

what fungus is this

Broad based budding

A

blastomycosis

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54
Q

Histo path of talaromycosis

A

Fission yeast, may be seen within macrophages/monocytes

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55
Q

Ecology of candidiasis

A

Ubiquitous in environment normal on skin, GI, GU, oropharyngeal tract

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56
Q

Pneumocystis previously classified as what

A

Parasite

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57
Q

What is a woods like used for

A

Its UV, many dermatophytes glow under UV helps identify

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58
Q

what is this

A

Talaromycosis

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59
Q

what is this

A

Candida

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60
Q

How does pneumocystis look on histo

A

Crushed ping pong balls, foamy exudate on H&E

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61
Q

Transmission o ftalaromycosis

A

Inhalation of conidia dissemination to blood, bone marrow, organs

62
Q

Mycology of aspergillosis

A

Septate hyphae, acute angle branching Grows rapidly in culture Identify based on colony and microscopic morphology

63
Q

Diagnosis of talaromycosis on culture of mold v yeast

A

Mold - diffusible red pigment Yeast - fission/central septum

64
Q

Describe the colonies of mucormycosis

A

Wooly, rapid growing, lid lifters

65
Q

Talaromycosis ecology

A

Southeast Asia, china, Eastern India Bamboo rat

66
Q

Subcutaneous disease

A

Sub q tissue, lymphatic vessels often acquired through trauma

67
Q

Antigen testing for blastomycosis is done on what

A

Urine

68
Q

Blastomycoses ecology

A

Ohio and Mississippi River valley, moist soil, decomposing leaf/wood matter, lakes and ponds

69
Q

Clinical disease of candidiasis

A

Any organ or system can be involved Common cause of -itis Mucositis, esophagitis, vaginitis … Candidemia

70
Q

Histoplasmosis ecology in US

A

Ohio and MS river valleys, bad guano, bird droppings

71
Q

Describe the hyphae of mucormycosis

A

Large, wide, ribbon like, pauciseptate branchign hyphae

72
Q

Clinical coccidiomycosis

A

Pneumonia with rash Valley fever Walking pneumonia Few progress to cavitary Even fewer disseminated

73
Q

Risk factors of aspergillosis

A

Neutropenia, corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs

74
Q

Clinical disease of cryptococcus

A

Asymptomatic in many Meningoencephalitis Pulmonary symptoms Skin lesions Osteoarticular infection

75
Q

Microconidia

A

Small usually single celled conidia

76
Q

Mycelium

A

Mass of hyphae

77
Q

What do you look for on a culture of aspergillosis

A

Acute angle branching

78
Q

Candidiasis culture NO

A

Stool

79
Q

What is a germ tube

A

Tule like outgrowth that is the beginning of a hypha

80
Q

Mycology of coccidiomycosis at 30 degrees

A

Filamentous fungi Barrel shaped arthroconidida produced

81
Q

What are symptoms of dermatophytes

A

Itchy red raised scaly patches Blistering oozing Bald patches Discolored thick crumbling nails

82
Q

Risk factors for extrapulmonary infection of coccidiomycosis

A

African American, Filipino, pregnant women Immunosuppressed

83
Q

Clinical symptoms of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Mostly asymptomatic Lung then lymph noes the n skin mucus aorgnas Acute - moths Chronic - years

84
Q

What are examples of opportunistic mycoses

A

Candidiasis Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis

85
Q

Diagnosis of blastomycosis on direct exam

A

Respiratory Bread based budding****

86
Q

Where does tinea manuum occur

A

Hand

87
Q

Dimorphism mycoses means what

A

Mold in the cold Yeast in the beast

88
Q

What are 4 approaches to diagnoses of mycoses

A

Direct microscopic examination of specimens Culture Serology Direct molecular detection (PCR)

89
Q

Where does tinea cruris occur

A

Groin, perineum, perianal regions

90
Q
A

pneumocystis

91
Q

Ecology of aspergillosis

A

Ubiquitous in environment Commercial uses are to ferment rice to produce sake

92
Q

Superficial fungal infections infect what

A

Hair skin nails

93
Q

Diagnosis of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Yeast - mariners wheel

94
Q

Double comma means think what

A

Pneumocystis

95
Q

What are the 3 genera of fungi causing superficial fungal infections

A

Microsporon Trichophyton Epidermophyton

96
Q

Diagnosis of histoplasmosis yeast and mold

A

Culture Yeast - narrrow budding Mold - tuberculate macroconidia and round microconidia

97
Q

Identification of candidiasis

A

Germ tube test, RAT test, biochemicalutilization Chromogenic media Sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS

98
Q

How is mucormycosis diagnosed

A

Culture Direct exam Histo

99
Q

Diagnosis of dermatophytes

A

KOH test Primarily based on appearance on skin

100
Q

How do molds reproduce

A

Spores or conidia

101
Q

Chalmydoconidium

A

Enlarged thick walled contains stored food

102
Q

Where does tinea unguium occur

A

Nails

103
Q

what is this

A

histoplasmosis

104
Q

Systemic disease

A

Involving organ systems, may infect otherwise health people

105
Q

Where does tinea corporis occur

A

Skin on body usually trunk

106
Q

Is the mortality rate of mucormycosis high

A

Yes

107
Q

Sporangium

A

Sac like structure full of spores on top of sporangiaphore

108
Q

Clinical presentation of mucormycosis

A

Pulmonary, rhino cerebral, cutaneous

109
Q

What type of patient has opportunistic mycoses

A

Immunocompromised

110
Q

What does tibia cause

A

Ringworm

111
Q

Specimens for culture of candidiasis

A

Blood, bone, brain, CSF, eye

112
Q

Diagnosis of coccomycosis direct exam, histo, serology,

A

Direct - spherules Histo - spherules Serology - ELISA

113
Q

Sporotrichosis epidemiology

A

Worldwide; most common in warm temperate climates, especially Mexico, central and South America

114
Q

Dermatophyte

A

Fungi with ability to get energy from keratin

115
Q

Opportunistic disease

A

Normal flora/environmental orgs; breakdown of host defenses leads to disease

116
Q

Where does tinea capitits occur

A

Scalp and hair shaft

117
Q

What can happen with aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised patients

A

Systemic aspergillosis

118
Q

Transmission of coccidiomycosis

A

Inhalation of fungal spores

119
Q

What is an aspergilloma

A

When a patient has a predisposing condition like TB, emphysema, bronchiectasis, etc. and thus has destroyed lung tissue that can lead to a fungus ball

120
Q

Hyaline

A

No pigment

121
Q

Superficial diseases are where

A

Skin hair nails

122
Q

what is this

A

aspergillosis

123
Q

Coccidiomycosis ecology and types

A

Immitis - CA San Joaquin valley Posadasii - SW US, Mexico,

124
Q

Ecology of sporotrichosis

A

Mold found in soil, decaying vegetation, rose bushes, thorns

125
Q

What is arthroconidia

A

Fungal spores produced by segmentation/breakup of hyphae; usually barrel shaped or rectangular

126
Q

Diagnostics for aspergillosus

A

Serology Galactomannan detection Culture Histo

127
Q

What is a hypha

A

Long branching filament like structure that fungi use for vegetative growth

128
Q

What is onychomycosis

A

Nail infection caused by any fungus (not necessarily a dermatophyte)

129
Q

Paracoccidiomycosis is found where

A

Central and South America

130
Q

Fungi produce what

A

Either single celled yeast or multicellular hyphae (mold)

131
Q

Risk factors for candidiasis

A

Neutropenia, AIDS, abdominal surgery, immunosuppressive

132
Q

Dermatophytes cause what

A

Superficial fungal infections

133
Q

what is this

A

aspergilloma

134
Q

Describe physical features of mucormycosis

A

Have sporangium off of sporangiophore, and rhizoids

135
Q

Macroconidia

A

Large conidia usually segmented into 2 cells

136
Q

Clinical features of talaromycosis

A

Skin lesions Multiple organ involvement

137
Q

Risk factors for cryptococcus

A

HIV, DM, transplant

138
Q

How do pneumocystis look on direct exam

A

Calcofluor white stain Non budding. Clusters with rounds and intracystic bodies (double comma)

139
Q

What is the most common form of yeast seen in tissue

A

Hypha

140
Q

Conidiophores

A

Specialized hyphae stalk on which conidia are formed

141
Q

Types of cryptococcosis

A

Neoformans Gattii

142
Q

Risk factors of mucormycosis

A

DKA Chemo Transplantation Injection drug use

143
Q

Mycology of coccidiomycosis in tissues

A

Spherules production

144
Q

Risk factors of histoplasmosis

A

Immunosuppressed

145
Q

Dimorphic

A

Having two distinct forms

146
Q

Transmission of histoplasmosis

A

Inhalation of microconidia

147
Q

Clinical presentation of histoplasmosis

A

Asymptomatic and self limiting Acute pulmonary chronic pulmonary infection

148
Q

Histo of blastomycosis

A

Suppurative/granulomatous respone w neutrophils

149
Q

How does yeast reproduce

A

Asexually

150
Q

How do you detect cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule

A

India ink stain

151
Q

How is pneumocystis diagnosed

A

Respiratory specimens Direct exam Histo Molecular

152
Q

Transmission of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Inhalation of conidia

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