B3.045 - Prework Fungi Flashcards
1
Q
Risk factors of blastomycosis
A
Immunocompromised
2
Q
Pulmonary disease of spirotrichosis and disseminated
A
May mimic TB Systemic symptoms, meningitis
3
Q
Transmission of dimorphic mycoses
A
Inhalation of mold (NOT person to person)
4
Q
Candidiasis culture maybe
A
Skin Mucous membrane Urine Vaginal Respiratory
5
Q
what is this
acute angle branching
A
asperogillus
6
Q
A
paracoccidiomycosis
7
Q
What test helps you identify c. Albicans
A
Germ tube test
8
Q
What is pseudohyphae
A
Chain of cells produced when buds fail to disassociate; constricted at septa (sausage like)
9
Q
what is this
A
mucormycosis
10
Q
Risk factors of talaromycosis
A
Immunocompromised
11
Q
Conidium
A
Asexual similar to spores but not enclosed in sac
12
Q
Mycology of coccidiomycosis 35-37 degrees
A
No yeast colonies
13
Q
Culture of blastomycosis mold
A
Septate hyphae, conidiophore and conidia = lollipop
14
Q
Dematiacoius
A
Contains pigment
15
Q
Transmission of aspergillosis
A
Inhalation, traumatic implantation
16
Q
Mycology of candidiasis microscopic
A
Budding yeast, pseudohyphae, hyphae
17
Q
How is cryptococcus diagnosed
A
antigen detection Culture Histo molecular
18
Q
Where does tinea barbae occur
A
Bearded areas of face and neck
19
Q
Culture of candidiasis
A
White - buff, pasty, rapid growth, some produce feet
20
Q
Aspergillosis types
A
Fumigatus Niger Flavus
21
Q
Clinical disease of aspergillosis
A
Allergic bronchopneumonia Ray aspergillosis and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction in CF and asthma patients
22
Q
What test helps identify c. Glabrata
A
Trehalose (RAT test)
23
Q
Clinical presentation of blastomycosis
A
Asymptomatic Acute or chronic pneumonia Cutaneous lesions CNS, bone
24
Q
Culture of blastomycosis yeast
A
Skin, lower RT, bone, prostate, CSF, brain biopsy Yeast 14 d growth, broad based budding, thick walled, refractive
25
cryptococcus
26
Transmission of pneumocystis
Inhalation
27
In non immunocompromised patient what presentation does aspergillosis have
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
28
Clinical disease of spirotrichosis
Rose gardeners disease Ulcerated spread via lymphatics
29
Ecology of c. Neoformans
Pigeon poop, old buildings, burns, roosts/nests, demo sites
30
Candidiasis organisms
C. Albicans C. Glabrata C. Parapsilosis C. Tropicalis C. Krusei
31
Transmission of sporotrichosis
Traumatic implantation Aerosolization - pulmonary infection
32
Mycology of sporotrichosis yeast v mold
Yeast - elongated, cigar shaped Mold - clusters of candidiasis (rosette) at conidiophore
33
Ecology of c. Gattii
Subtropical Eucalyptus PacNW
34
When you see arthroconidia thing
Coccidiomycosis
35
Clinical disease of pneumocystis
PCP - pneumocystis pneumonia
36
Transmission of cryptococcus
Inhalation Hamatogenous dissemination to blood, CNS, BM, skin, bone, other
37
Transmission of mucormycosis
Inhalation of spores, subq, ingestion
38
what is this
Mucormycosis
39
Which type of aspergillosis is found in leukemic patients
Flavus
40
Why is pneumocystis like a parasite
Has trophozoites and cysts
41
How is the yeast phase of histoplasmosis spread
Through the lymphatics
42
Risk of pneumocystis
Immunosuppresion
43
Where do you find mucromycosis
Great mold, ubiquitous in environment, soil, decomposing matter
44
Risk factors of paracoccidiomycosis
Occupational, male at work
45
what is this
sporathrix schenckii
46
Mircospically on culture they look like
Round, budding yeast, variable size, narrow buds, polysaccharide capsule Cream/yellow/tan
47
What is unicellular production of fungi
Yeast
48
what fungus is found here
blastomycosis
49
How are dermatophytes transmitted
Person to person Animals Soil
50
wtf is this
coccidiomycosis
51
Where does tinea pedis occur
Foot
52
Transmission of candidiasis
Usually endogenous origin Breakdown of mucosal membranes/host immune system
53
what fungus is this
Broad based budding
blastomycosis
54
Histo path of talaromycosis
Fission yeast, may be seen within macrophages/monocytes
55
Ecology of candidiasis
Ubiquitous in environment normal on skin, GI, GU, oropharyngeal tract
56
Pneumocystis previously classified as what
Parasite
57
What is a woods like used for
Its UV, many dermatophytes glow under UV helps identify
58
what is this
Talaromycosis
59
what is this
Candida
60
How does pneumocystis look on histo
Crushed ping pong balls, foamy exudate on H&E
61
Transmission o ftalaromycosis
Inhalation of conidia dissemination to blood, bone marrow, organs
62
Mycology of aspergillosis
Septate hyphae, acute angle branching Grows rapidly in culture Identify based on colony and microscopic morphology
63
Diagnosis of talaromycosis on culture of mold v yeast
Mold - diffusible red pigment Yeast - fission/central septum
64
Describe the colonies of mucormycosis
Wooly, rapid growing, lid lifters
65
Talaromycosis ecology
Southeast Asia, china, Eastern India Bamboo rat
66
Subcutaneous disease
Sub q tissue, lymphatic vessels often acquired through trauma
67
Antigen testing for blastomycosis is done on what
Urine
68
Blastomycoses ecology
Ohio and Mississippi River valley, moist soil, decomposing leaf/wood matter, lakes and ponds
69
Clinical disease of candidiasis
Any organ or system can be involved Common cause of -itis Mucositis, esophagitis, vaginitis ... Candidemia
70
Histoplasmosis ecology in US
Ohio and MS river valleys, bad guano, bird droppings
71
Describe the hyphae of mucormycosis
Large, wide, ribbon like, pauciseptate branchign hyphae
72
Clinical coccidiomycosis
Pneumonia with rash Valley fever Walking pneumonia Few progress to cavitary Even fewer disseminated
73
Risk factors of aspergillosis
Neutropenia, corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs
74
Clinical disease of cryptococcus
Asymptomatic in many Meningoencephalitis Pulmonary symptoms Skin lesions Osteoarticular infection
75
Microconidia
Small usually single celled conidia
76
Mycelium
Mass of hyphae
77
What do you look for on a culture of aspergillosis
Acute angle branching
78
Candidiasis culture NO
Stool
79
What is a germ tube
Tule like outgrowth that is the beginning of a hypha
80
Mycology of coccidiomycosis at 30 degrees
Filamentous fungi Barrel shaped arthroconidida produced
81
What are symptoms of dermatophytes
Itchy red raised scaly patches Blistering oozing Bald patches Discolored thick crumbling nails
82
Risk factors for extrapulmonary infection of coccidiomycosis
African American, Filipino, pregnant women Immunosuppressed
83
Clinical symptoms of paracoccidiomycosis
Mostly asymptomatic Lung then lymph noes the n skin mucus aorgnas Acute - moths Chronic - years
84
What are examples of opportunistic mycoses
Candidiasis Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis
85
Diagnosis of blastomycosis on direct exam
Respiratory Bread based budding\*\*\*\*
86
Where does tinea manuum occur
Hand
87
Dimorphism mycoses means what
Mold in the cold Yeast in the beast
88
What are 4 approaches to diagnoses of mycoses
Direct microscopic examination of specimens Culture Serology Direct molecular detection (PCR)
89
Where does tinea cruris occur
Groin, perineum, perianal regions
90
pneumocystis
91
Ecology of aspergillosis
Ubiquitous in environment Commercial uses are to ferment rice to produce sake
92
Superficial fungal infections infect what
Hair skin nails
93
Diagnosis of paracoccidiomycosis
Yeast - mariners wheel
94
Double comma means think what
Pneumocystis
95
What are the 3 genera of fungi causing superficial fungal infections
Microsporon Trichophyton Epidermophyton
96
Diagnosis of histoplasmosis yeast and mold
Culture Yeast - narrrow budding Mold - tuberculate macroconidia and round microconidia
97
Identification of candidiasis
Germ tube test, RAT test, biochemicalutilization Chromogenic media Sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS
98
How is mucormycosis diagnosed
Culture Direct exam Histo
99
Diagnosis of dermatophytes
KOH test Primarily based on appearance on skin
100
How do molds reproduce
Spores or conidia
101
Chalmydoconidium
Enlarged thick walled contains stored food
102
Where does tinea unguium occur
Nails
103
what is this
histoplasmosis
104
Systemic disease
Involving organ systems, may infect otherwise health people
105
Where does tinea corporis occur
Skin on body usually trunk
106
Is the mortality rate of mucormycosis high
Yes
107
Sporangium
Sac like structure full of spores on top of sporangiaphore
108
Clinical presentation of mucormycosis
Pulmonary, rhino cerebral, cutaneous
109
What type of patient has opportunistic mycoses
Immunocompromised
110
What does tibia cause
Ringworm
111
Specimens for culture of candidiasis
Blood, bone, brain, CSF, eye
112
Diagnosis of coccomycosis direct exam, histo, serology,
Direct - spherules Histo - spherules Serology - ELISA
113
Sporotrichosis epidemiology
Worldwide; most common in warm temperate climates, especially Mexico, central and South America
114
Dermatophyte
Fungi with ability to get energy from keratin
115
Opportunistic disease
Normal flora/environmental orgs; breakdown of host defenses leads to disease
116
Where does tinea capitits occur
Scalp and hair shaft
117
What can happen with aspergillosis in severely immunocompromised patients
Systemic aspergillosis
118
Transmission of coccidiomycosis
Inhalation of fungal spores
119
What is an aspergilloma
When a patient has a predisposing condition like TB, emphysema, bronchiectasis, etc. and thus has destroyed lung tissue that can lead to a fungus ball
120
Hyaline
No pigment
121
Superficial diseases are where
Skin hair nails
122
what is this
aspergillosis
123
Coccidiomycosis ecology and types
Immitis - CA San Joaquin valley Posadasii - SW US, Mexico,
124
Ecology of sporotrichosis
Mold found in soil, decaying vegetation, rose bushes, thorns
125
What is arthroconidia
Fungal spores produced by segmentation/breakup of hyphae; usually barrel shaped or rectangular
126
Diagnostics for aspergillosus
Serology Galactomannan detection Culture Histo
127
What is a hypha
Long branching filament like structure that fungi use for vegetative growth
128
What is onychomycosis
Nail infection caused by any fungus (not necessarily a dermatophyte)
129
Paracoccidiomycosis is found where
Central and South America
130
Fungi produce what
Either single celled yeast or multicellular hyphae (mold)
131
Risk factors for candidiasis
Neutropenia, AIDS, abdominal surgery, immunosuppressive
132
Dermatophytes cause what
Superficial fungal infections
133
what is this
aspergilloma
134
Describe physical features of mucormycosis
Have sporangium off of sporangiophore, and rhizoids
135
Macroconidia
Large conidia usually segmented into 2 cells
136
Clinical features of talaromycosis
Skin lesions Multiple organ involvement
137
Risk factors for cryptococcus
HIV, DM, transplant
138
How do pneumocystis look on direct exam
Calcofluor white stain Non budding. Clusters with rounds and intracystic bodies (double comma)
139
What is the most common form of yeast seen in tissue
Hypha
140
Conidiophores
Specialized hyphae stalk on which conidia are formed
141
Types of cryptococcosis
Neoformans Gattii
142
Risk factors of mucormycosis
DKA Chemo Transplantation Injection drug use
143
Mycology of coccidiomycosis in tissues
Spherules production
144
Risk factors of histoplasmosis
Immunosuppressed
145
Dimorphic
Having two distinct forms
146
Transmission of histoplasmosis
Inhalation of microconidia
147
Clinical presentation of histoplasmosis
Asymptomatic and self limiting Acute pulmonary chronic pulmonary infection
148
Histo of blastomycosis
Suppurative/granulomatous respone w neutrophils
149
How does yeast reproduce
Asexually
150
How do you detect cryptococcus polysaccharide capsule
India ink stain
151
How is pneumocystis diagnosed
Respiratory specimens Direct exam Histo Molecular
152
Transmission of paracoccidiomycosis
Inhalation of conidia
