B2 : Human health issues Flashcards
What defines good health
The state if complete physical, mental and social wellbeing
What can reduce a person’s health
Disease, diet and stress
What consequences can diseases cause
Defects in immune system
Viruses in living cells acting as the trigger for cancers
Immune reactions
Communicable disease
Spread by micro-organisms
Non-communicable disease
Not spread by micro-organisms
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell division
Tumor
A group of cells that are dividing uncontrollably, comes in 2 forms benign and malignant
Benign tumor
Located in one place and do not invade other parts of the body
Malignant tumor
Can spread around the body by invading other parts. Cells can break off and invade other parts of the body
Carcinogens
Chemicals that cause our DNA to mutate causing cancer
Radiotherapy
A way to treat cancer by using targeted doses of radiation to treat cancer cells . Works by disruoting mitosis but can affect healthy cells
Chemotheraoy
Uses chemicals to stop cancer cells dividing or make them ‘self destruct’
How much smokers are there worldwide and how much cigarettes are smoked each year
1.1 billion smokers
6000 billion cigarettes
How much chemicals found in cigarettes are linked to disease
150
Nicotine
Addictive but ‘harmless’ drug found in cigarette smioke that produces a sense of calm
Carbon monoxide
Poisonous gas that binds to our red blood cells in place of oxygen, 10% of red blood cells carry carbin monoxide instead of oxygen and is why smokers fell breathless
What is a problem with oxygen shortage due to smoking
Can lead to premature births, low birthweight babies and stillbirths
3500 stillbirths in the UK with 20% attributed to smoking
What do chemicals in tobacco smoke do to the lungs
Some chemicals can anaesthetize the cilia in the trachea and bronchi which stop moving mucus, dirt or bacteria away from the lungs increasing the chance of pathogens getting into the lungs and causing infections
