B1 : Specialized Plant cells Flashcards
What is the function of a root hair cell
To absorb water and minerals
What are the adaptations of Root hair cells
Large surface area available for water to move into cell by osmosis
Large permanent vacuole that speeds up osmosis
Lots of mitochondria that carry out respiration to provide the energy needed for active transport
No chloroplasts
What are the functions of photosynthetic cells
Carry out photosynthesis
What are the adaptations of photosynthetic cells
Contain lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll that trap up light
Usually found in outer layers of leaf and stem to absorb as much light as possible
What are the functions of xylem cells
Transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots
What are the adaptations of xylem cells
end walls are removed from each end forming long hollow tubes that allow water and ions to travel up the plants
The lignin makes the xylem cells very strong and helps them withstand the pressure fo water moving up the plant
What are the functions of phloem cells
Transports glucose around the plant
What are adaptations of phloem cells
Cell walls between cells break down to form sieve plates that allow water carrying dissolved glucose to move up and down the phloem
Supported by companion cells that keep them alive, Phloem cells dont have cell structures like mitochondria instead the rely on companion cells for energy needs
The build up of what chemical causes xylem cells to die
Lignin
Why do root hair cells contain lots of mitochondria
Lots of mitochondria that carry out respiration to provide the energy needed for active transport
What cell structure do photosynthesis cells have lots of
Chloroplasts
Why must xylem cells be strong
Help them withstand the pressure of water moving up the plant
What is the purpose of sieve plates
To allow water carrying dissolved glucose to travel up and down the phloem
What is the name given to the type of cells that keep phloem alive
Companion cells
What’s the difference between animal and plant cells in terms of differentiation
Animal cells can only differentiate early on while plant cells can always differentiate
