B15 - Genetics and Evolution Flashcards
What is Gregor Mendel known for?
The founding father of genetics
How did Gregor Mendel discover the concept of genetics?
By breeding pea plants in his monestry to see which traits the offspring inherited
What are fossils?
The remains or traces of a dead plant or animal from millions of years ago which are found in rock
What are the 3 main ways fossils form?
Gradual replacement by minerals
Casts and impressions
Preservation
One way fossils form is by Gradual replacement by minerals.
What does this mean?
bones decay very slowly, so when they decay, they can be gradually replaced by minerals to form rock-like substances
Fossils form through casts.
What are casts?
An organism was buried in a soft material like clay
Over time, the clay hardens and the organism decays
Fossils can form through impressions.
What are impressions
When organisms leave a mark on the ground from a long time ago. Like footprints
Fossils can form through preservation.
What is preservation?
Where the organism doesn’t decay at all
How do fossils form through preservation?
When organisms got stuck in amber or tar pits
Because there is no oxygen or moisture, no decay can take place
Why is it hard to find fossils from early Earth?
Many early life forms were soft bodied so they decayed really quickly
Its been destroyed through natural disasters or movement of tectonic plates
What is extinction?
Where no more individuals of a particular species remain
What are some reasons certain species could become extinct?
Their habitat could be destroyed
New predators (like humans)
New disease
Competition is too high for food
What is the order of classification in the Linnean system?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What acronym can you use for the Linnean System?
Kanaiya
Prag
Can
Order
Fresh
Guava
Smoothies
How do we name different organisms using the Linean System
By their genus name and then their species name
What was the three domain system split up in?
Eukaryota
Bacteria
Archaea
What do all food chains start with?
A producer
What is a producer?
Some kind of photosynthetic organism
What is a ‘photosynthetic organism’?
An organism that can produce glucose by photosynthesis
Who eats the producers?
The Primary Consumers
Who eats the primary consumer?
The Secondary Consumer - also known as the predator
What is being passed from the producer all the way to the secondary consumer or even beyond?
Energy
How has fossil evidence developed out understanding of evolution?
