Auto Flight System Flashcards
Automatic Flight Control System contains (FGCS and TMS)? and what do they control?
Flight Guidance Control System (FGCS)
- Flight Director (FD)
- Autopilot (AP) with coupled Go-Around (GA)
- Yaw Damper (YD)
Thrust Management System (TMS)
- Autothrottle (AT)
- Thrust Rating System (TRS)
- Thrust Lever Angle (TLA) Trim
Mach Trim Autoland
Guidance panel controls? (4 things)
AFCS Management Controls
Lateral Guidance Controls
Vertical Guidance Controls
Speed and Mode Controls
Flight Guidance control system provides what?
Provides lateral and vertical fight guidance to the PFD and Autopilot
Flight Director automatically turns on when? (4 things)
- TO/GA button actuated
- Pilots selects lateral or vertical mode
- Autopilot engaged
- Windshear detected
FD representation can be removed by pressing the FD button on the guidance panel - if not coupled to the AP
What are the lateral modes of the Flight Guidance Control System?
- Roll Hold (ROLL)
- Heading Select (HDG)
- Lateral Navigation (LNAV (MAGENTA))
- Localiser (LOC)
- Back-course (BC)
- Track Hold (TRACK)*
- Rollout (RLOUT)*
- Alignment (ALIGN)*
Green modes are manually commanded by the pilot of GP, Magenta modes are being commanded by the FMS
What are the vertical modes on the Flight Guidance Control System?
- Flight Path Angle (FPA)
- Takeoff (TO)
- Altitude Select (ASEL/ASEL (MAGENTA))
- Flight Level Change (FLCH/FLCH (MAGENTA))
- Altitude Hold (ALT/ALT (MAGENTA))
- Vertical Speed (VS)
- Overspeed (OVSP)*
- Glide Slope (GS)
- Go Around (GA)
- Vertical Navigation (VNAV/PTH)
- VGP (GP)
- Windshear (WSHR)
- Flare (FLARE)*
- De-rotate (D-ROT)*
Green modes are manually commanded by the pilot of GP, Magenta modes are being commanded by the FMS
ROLL and FPA modes are the ___ lateral and vertical FGCS modes
BASIC
FPA mode is?
Maintains the current Flight Path Angle at moment of FPA activation
ROLL mode is? What bank angles does it hold?
Depending on airplane bank angle at moment of ROLL activation, FGCS maintains defined bank angle
- AoB < 6 deg - Wings level
- AoB > 6 deg and < 35 deg - Present AoB
- AoB > 35 deg - 35 deg AoB
Lateral modes - TRACK HOLD what does it do and what are the conditions during T/O (Roll to Track) and GA
Intercepts and maintains inertial-derived airplane track from the IRS.
Used for T/O and GA
During T/O
Automatic Transition from ROLL to TRACK:
- IAS > 100Kts
- Bank Angle < 3 deg for more than 10 sec
During GA
TRACK activated when TOGA button pressed for a go-around
Deactivated when another lateral mode is selected
- NOTE Cancelling the GA vertical mode does not cancel the TRACK lateral mode
AoB commanded by the FGCS are limited based on the LATERAL mode selected - what are these for HDG, LOC and LNAV?
HDG :
below FL250 - 27 deg
above FL250 or BANK selected - 17 Deg
LOC
35 DEG
LNAV
not in a hold - 25 deg
in a hold - 30 deg
VERTICAL MODES T/O - Initial calculated pitch attitude based on?
- Flap Selection
- Airplane Weight
- V2 Speed
Initial calculated angle guided until airborne and the IAS greater than the speed target then guides
All engines operating and one engine inoperative
All engines operating
- V2 + 10 Kts
One Engine Inoperative
- Engine failure < V2 —- Guides V2
- Engine Failure V2 and V2 + 10kts —- Guides present speed
- Engine failure > V2+10kts —- Guides V2+10kts
The TO mode the guided pitch is limited to?
Minimum - 7 deg
Maximum - 25 deg
Altitude hold - to disengage
select a different altitude using the ALTSEL knob
Activate a new vertical mode
EXCEPT if switching to GS/GP when a new altitude doesn’t need to be selected
ALTITUDE SELECT (Same as Alt capture in the 737)
Automatically captures, level off and transitions to ALT to hold the selected altitude
Activates depending on the vertical rate
NOTE
Selecting a new altitude while in ASEL results in reversion to FPA
At high rates of climb during departure, selecting FLCH may result in immediate transition to ASEL and possible thrust reduction even if at target speed
ASEL is inhibited when?
- In WSHR (green) escape guidance
- If GA mode activated within 400ft of ALTSEL selected altitude
Flight Level Change (FLCH/FLCH)
Commands climb/desced according to selected speed
- SPDe on FMA - elevator inputs control speed
If autothrottle engaged
- For small level changes (delta 2000ft or less)
- Only slight thrust changes commanded
- For more significant level changes
- Full thrust or idle thrust commanded
Vertical Modes - VNAV FLCH
Speed changes are achieved through thrust variations
VNAV Glide Path - Should it be armed in a hold?
No should be armed after exiting the hold
Overspeed Protection (OVSP) - with AP and AT engaged and FD off.
If AP and/or AT engaged, pitch and/or thrust adjusted to prevent overspeed
When FD disengaged, only aural warning “High Speed” triggered
- Pilot inputs required to avoid overspeed
- “High Speed” Aural warning cannot be cancelled
Autopilot - Single autopilot with how many channels?
Single autopilot with dual-channel configuration
- One channel active, other is hot-spare
- Alternates automatically in case of failure and after each landing
Autopilot - Follows FD commands using servos attached to flight controls, how many for pitch, roll and yaw?
- 1 servo for pitch
- 1 servo for roll
- 1 or 2 for Yaw
Autopilot - Inhibited on the?
Ground
Autopilot -Normal, Non-normal disengagement, Abnormal disengagement
Normal:
- Pressing the AP quick disconnect pushbutton on either control wheel
Non Normal:
- AP button is pressed on the guidance panel
- Either manual pitch trim switch is actuated
- Either stick shaker is activated
- Windshear escape guidance is activated
Abnormal disengagement:
- Reversion of the fly-by-wire system to direct mode
- Either the aileron or elevator control system is disconnected
- A pilot input contrary to the autopilot is made on the controls with a long time light force or short time stronger force
- Internal Monitor Failure
Yaw Damper - Damp Dutch Roll, Supply turn coordination
Is YD available if AP FAIL?
Is AP available with YD fail?
Yes and Yes
Thrust Management System (TMS) consists of?
- Auto throttle (AT)
- Thrust Rating System (TRA)
- Thrust Lever Angle (TLA) Trim
Autothrottle engaged when? (On the ground and in the air) What causes a non normal disengagement?
- AT push button pressed on the guidance panel
- No auto throttle failures
On the ground
- both TLA > 50 deg
In the air
- Above 400ft AGL
Non normal disengagment
- TLA Difference ~8 Deg
- AT FAILURE
If the AT is a normal or non normal disengagement what will the FMA flash and for how long?
Normal - Green
Abnormal - RED
For 5 seconds
AT MODES indicated on the FMA
- Takeoff mode (TO)
- Takeoff hold mode (HOLD)
- Speed on Thrust mode (SPDt)
- Speed on Elevator mode (SPDe)
- Go-around mode (GA)
- Retard Mode (RETD)
- Limited thrust (LIM)
- Override (OVRD)
AT MODES - TO armed by pressing AT button on guidance panel, when does it engage?
What does HOLD indicated?
TLA > 50 deg
HOLD prevents undesired thrust lever movements during T/O to 400ft AGL
- Engaged > or at 60 knots KIAS during T/O
- AT servos de-energised and thrust lever movements not commanded
AT MODES - SINGLE ENGINE
The AT deactivates the respective thrust lever when an engine failure occurs
The operating engines thrust lever remains active for AT operation
Thrust Rating System (TRS) (BUTTON ON THE MCDU - CAN BE SELECTED FROM THE TRS PAGE)
Determines the appropriate thrust rating upper limit based on?
- Flight phase when in automatic rating mode
- Pilot selection when in manual rating mode
TRS - with the FD enabled, CLB-2 is automatically enabled when all the following conditions are met?
- Landing Gear Retracted
- Airplane > 400ft
GA Mode automatically activated whenever the?
- Landing gear are down
- Flaps are down
CON MODE - Automatically selected when in a single engine condition
CAN ONLY EVER HAVE ____ THRUST RATING MODE
ONE
Thrust Lever Angle (TLA) Trim - The TLA trim function synchronises the engine N1 when the AT is disengaged, where can you access it on the MCDU?
Function accessed through the TRS page on the MCDU
- TA trim default is ON whenever the AT system is disengaged
Mach Trim - Positions the horizontal stabiliser surface as a function of Mach number
- Computed in the AFCS and transmitted to HS-ACE via FCM
Automatically engages when:
- Autopilot is not engaged
- IAS > 0.7 M
Which FGCS lateral mode cannot be selected by the pilot?
TRACK (Track Hold)
What flap setting is to be used for CAT III approach and landing?
Flap 5
How many RAD ALTs are required for a CAT III approach?
Two
What is the maximum bank angle with bank angle selected on the GP?
17 Deg
With the Yaw Damper and Autopilot already engaged, pressing the Yaw damper button will?
Disengage the Yaw damper and the Autopilot will remain engaged
What happens when the Touch Control Steering (TCS) button is pressed when the autopilot is engaged?
Overrides the Autopilot only. The AP will re-engage on release of the TCS button
At what approximate altitude will the IAS transition to a Mach no?
29,000ft
Pressing the backup trim switch with the autopilot engaged causes?
The autopilot to disconnect
When does the automatic transition from ROLL to TRACK during T/O occur?
IAS is greater than 100kts and bank angle is at 3 deg or below for more than 10 seconds
What is the maximum bank angle the AP can command during localiser capture?
35 deg
At what point during a CAT IIIA approach will the AUTOLAND 1 mode engage?
Between 1500ft and 800ft RA when Flap 5 is set
When will the Auto Thrust HOLD mode be active?
Between 60 KIAS during T/O roll and 400ft
Pressing the NAV button, the FMA annunciator will display?
LNAV, LOC
When is the Go Around (GA) Thrust rating mode activated?
In Flight whenever the Landing Gear and Flaps are down
The maximum Glide Slope angle for an Autoland is?
3.25 deg
What is the crosswind limitation for an Autoland?
15 kts
Pressing the centre of the ALT selector knob does what?
Provides the selected ALT in METERS to be displayed on the PFD
The E-Jet has a single autopilot with a dual channel configuration. How do the channels operate? When do they alternate?
One Active while the other works as Hot Spare, alternating after each landing
During an Autoland, at what height does the airplane change from crab technique to sideslip?
150ft
How long is the roll out (RLOUT) guidance given by AUTOLAND 1 after touchdown before the pilot must take control of the aeroplane to maintain the runway centreline?
5 seconds
Autothrottle normal and non normal disengagement
Normal:
- AT disconnect button on thrust levers
- AT push button on a guidance panel
Non Normal:
- TLA Difference >8 deg
- AT failure
When does RETD mode engage on the AT? When is it armed?
at or below 30ft
Arms:
- Rad Alt with valid information
- AT engaged
- Slat/Flap 5 or FULL and landing gear down
- Rad Alt below 150ft AGL
With the FD enabled, CLB 2 automatically enabled when all of the following conditions are met:
- Landing Gear retracted
- Airplane > 400ft AGL
- Any change in Flight director vertical mode
GA mode is activated whenever the….
Landing gear and flaps are down
CON Mode, automatically selected when in a single engine condition: On T/O and in flight
On T/O
- Automatically transitions from TO to CON at 3000ft AGL
In Flight
- Anytime single engine condition recognised
Where is the thrust lever angle trim function accessed?
Through the TRS page on the MCDU
