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AIRBUS A320 > AUTO FLIGHT > Flashcards

AUTO FLIGHT Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by DUAL, INDEPENDENT, and SINGLE FMGS modes?

A

Dual: normal
Independent: each FMGC being controlled (crosstalk fails) by its associated MCDU.
Single FMGS: using one FMGC only.

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2
Q

What happens if you push the V/S knob?

A

Immediate level-off by engaging the v/s or FPA mode with a target of zero.

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3
Q

What information does the yaw bar give (ground roll guidance command bar)? And when is it displayed?

A

Indicates the FD yaw orders, to maintain the aircraft on the RWY center line, it is displayed when on the ground below 30 ft RA, provided that a LOC signal is available.

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4
Q

When is the autopilot first available for use?

A

Airborne for at least 5sec, pass 100 ft RA.

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5
Q

When can both autopilots be selected at the same time?

A

When the localizer/glideslope or rollout or go-around mode is armed or engaged.

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6
Q

Why should the autopilot NOT be switched off on the FCU?

A

The visual and audio warnings are continuous but can be cancelled by pressing the AP DISC button on the yoke

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7
Q

What happens to the speed mode if FD’s & AP’s are switched OFF?

A

ATHR reverts to selected SPEED mode except in APPR phase.

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8
Q

The descent profile should lead to what IAS at 1000’ above the runway?

A

Vapp

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9
Q

What is signified by the MANAGED SPD RANGE bug in a managed descent?

A

Defines acceptable speed variations around the nominal descent speed target. +20 or +5 (depends on constraints) speed target.

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10
Q

A managed descent in a holding pattern gives what ROD?

A

-1000 ft/min

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11
Q

What does the FMA read in the vertical column if a lower attitude selected, and the ALT knob on the FCU is pulled?

A

Open descent

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12
Q

When will ALT CRZ appear on the FMA?

A

Level flight at the FCU selected altitude.

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13
Q

In a managed descent the heading knob is pulled: What happens to the constraints?

A

Speed and altitude constraints are disregarded, but speed limit is retained.

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14
Q

Climbing to FL250 (on FCU): at FL225, FCU is now set to FL220. What happens? (Similar happens in descent).

A

A mode reversion occurs and v/s or FPA engages on current v/s or FPA.

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15
Q

What does SRS stand for and what does it do?

A

Speed Reference System
- Controls pitch to steer the aircraft along a path in the vertical plane.
- SRS will maintain a speed target equal to V2 +10 AEO
- V2 or current speed incase of an engine failure (max V2+15)
-Pitch limit is 18 deg
-FPA protection giving min 120 fpm

SRS will engage if a V2 speed is inserted and slats are extended

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16
Q

What exactly is G/A TRK on the FMA?

A

Guides the aircraft along the current track at go-around initiation.

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17
Q

With the ATHR active, actual thrust will be limited to what?

A

Not greater than the thrust commanded by the position of the thrust lever.

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18
Q

What happens to ATHR if the thrust levers are moved to idle?

A

The ATHR disconnects but, if crew engage the ATHR again, it activates the auto thrust. Due to the lever position, IDLE thrust will be maintained. (A re-engage at idle position).

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19
Q

If the A/THR is switched OFF on the instinctive buttons, what happened to the thrust?

A

Thrust is immediately set to corresponding TLA.

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20
Q

In the CLB detent, with A/THR switched ON, what happens if the Thrust Levers are moved forward of the CLB detent? (TLA)

A

ATHR reverts from active to armed. ATHR turns to blue on the FMA and the thrust levers control thrust directly. FMA shows MAN THR in white. The thrust levers provide the flight crew with an immediate increase of thrust when both thrust levers are pushed above the CLB detent (2 ENG) or the active thrust lever above MCT (1 ENG).

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21
Q

At what RA is “RETARD” heard: on an autoland? And on a manual landing?

A

Autoland: 10 ft RA
Manual: 20 ft RA

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22
Q

What is the Minimum Speed Possible with ATHR on?

A

VLS

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23
Q

What is G/S Mini?

A

To prevent the aircraft energy from dropping below a minimum level during final approach. Maintains a G/S rather than IAS in managed mode (increase in Head Wind = increases in Vapp).

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24
Q

What does a temporary white box indicate on an FMA?

A

10 sec around each new annunciation.
- May increase to 15 sec in some mode reversion cases associated with an aural triple click.

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25
Q

When does “LAND” appear on the FMA?

A

LAND mode is engaged < 400 ft RA

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26
Q

How can you get out of “LAND” mode? (Bearing in mind this is a sub mode of ILS APPR mode).

A
  • Upon engagement of the go-around mode
  • If the flight crew presses the APPR p/b, when the
    aircraft has been on the ground for at least 10sec
    with AP off.
  • When both AP/FDs are disengaged
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27
Q

The message DECELERATE on the FMA is due to?

A

If the thrust is not reduced when passing the top of descent and the aircraft is above the descent profile.

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28
Q

The message MORE DRAG on the FMA is due to?

A
  • Above the vertical profile and the predicated
    intercept point of the vertical profile is at less than
    2NM from the next ALT CSTR, or
  • In auto speed control and the aircraft enters a
    speed brake decelerating segment.
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29
Q

When will “SPEED SPEED SPEED” be heard? What does it mean?

A
  • Low energy warning, repeated every 5sec, warns
    the pilot that the aircraft’s energy level is going
    below a threshold under which he has to increase
    thrust, in order to regain a positive flight path
    angle through pitch control.
  • In config 2-Full
  • 100’ - 2000’RA.
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30
Q

What triggers ALPHA FLOOR? Must the ATHR be on first?

A
  • When the aircraft reaches a very high-angle of
    attack.
  • The flight augmentation computer (FAC) generates
    the signal to set TOGA thrust.
  • No
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31
Q

When is windshear protection available? When it is triggered and what do you see and hear?

A
  • T/O: 3sec after lift-off til 1300’RA
  • LDG: 1300’RA to 50’RA with at least config1
    selected.
  • Predicated energy level falls below threshold.
  • “WINDSHEAR” red message on both PFDs for a
    minimum of 15sec, aural voice “WINDSHEAR” 3
    times.
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32
Q

When is ALPHA FLOOR available?

A

From lift-off until the aircraft reaches 100’RA in
app.

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33
Q

What causes the memo “SPEED BRK” flashing (amber) to appear?

A
  • When extended in flight phases 2-5 (Engine start –
    1500’) flashes in amber.
  • When extended in flight phases 6-7 (1500’ –
    touchdown) in green. Flashes in amber, after
    50sec, if at least 1 engine is above idle.
34
Q

What happens on the PFD altitude tape when the aircraft descends below MDA?

A

Altitude numbers change from green to amber when below MDA.

35
Q

How is the TO WPT easily identified in the MCDU and ND？

A
  • In white, every 2nd line in FLT PLAN.
  • Top right corner on ND showing: WPT ident (white),
    track to go (green), distance to go (green) and ETA
    (green) with correct groundspeed, flying directly
    from present position.
36
Q

What does a triangle symbol in the MCDU flight plan mean after a waypoint?

A

Fly-over waypoint, pilot cannot cancel the overfly program if you do not want to fly over, you have to use DIR TO or heading mode.

37
Q

A CSTR of +690 means what exactly?

A

Must be AT or ABOVE 690 ft by that point.

38
Q

When on profile, extending the speed brake in a managed descent does what?

A

Thrust increases to waste more fuel.

39
Q

What happens if you fly over a Magenta D [in a circle] when in managed NAV?

A

Indicates the point at which the aircraft is predicated to decelerate for approach and thus switch to the approach phase.

40
Q

What is the effect of activating the approach phase on the MCDU?

A

Slow the aircraft to green dot speed.
- If the speed is managed (magenta) it will get to the speed associated with the current flap setting.

41
Q

After a G/A, another what is then “strung” on the F-Plan page?

A

When the GO-AROUND phase is engaged, the previously flown approach is auto strung back into the flight plan at the end of the missed approach procedure.

42
Q

After a G/A, how can you now follow the G/A Procedure? (G/A TRK will be the LAT guidance until you do something).

A

Pull HDG knob to select a heading, or Push HDG knob to engage NAV mode.

43
Q

How does the RA indication change during a CAT3 Approach with DH 50’?

A

The RA ALT indication changes every 10 ft down to 50 ft, then every 5 ft to 10 ft, then every foot.

44
Q

How does the soft altitude mode work?

A

On reaching the planned cruise altitude ALT CRZ engages and A/THR maintains the speed/mach target. Two minutes after ALT CRZ engages, if the mach mode is operative, SOFT ALT mode engages. This allows the aircraft to deviate +/- 50 feet from the target altitude thereby minimizing thrust variations and reducing fuel consumption.

45
Q

When is the windshear detection function of the FAC active?

A

At takeoff 3 seconds after liftoff up to 1300ft RA at landing from 1300ft RA to 50ft RA with at least CONF 1 selected

46
Q

Which computer provides the windshear detection function?

A

The windshear detection function is provided by the Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC) in takeoff and approach phase.

47
Q

What is the purpose of the yaw damping function?

A

Yaw damping stabilizes the aircraft in yaw and coordinates its turns. In automatic flight (AP engaged) during takeoff and go around it assists rudder application after an engine failure (short-term yaw compensation).

48
Q

How does the automatic high speed protection in V/S or FPA mode work?

A

When descending with V/S mode engaged: If the selected V/S value is excessive (with regards to thrust and speed) the FMGS maintains the V/S target but the airspeed increases. When reaching VMAX (VMO or VLE in clean or VFE+4 knots) the AP temporarily abandons the V/S target and automatically decreases the vertical speed to maintain VMAX. The same applies if FPA mode is used with an excessive FPA target.

49
Q

The following situations when occurring below 200 feet RA with the aircraft in LAND mode trigger the flashing AUTOLAND red warning and a triple click aural warning:

A
  • Both APs OFF below 200ft RA
  • Excessive deviation in LOC or GLIDE (scales flash on PFD)
  • Loss of LOC signal above 15ft or loss of GLIDE signal above 100ft and the difference between both radio altimeter is greater than 15ft.
50
Q

The FMA annunciation ‘A/THR in white’ means?

A

The A/THR is active.

51
Q

What is the definition of the Cost Index (CI)?

A

The CI is the ratio of flight time cost (CT) to fuel cost (CF). CI=0 corresponds to minimum fuel consumption (max. range). CI=999 corresponds to minimum time.

52
Q

What does amber SPEED BRAKES mean on lower ECAM?

A

Speed brakes are extended and engines are not on idle.

53
Q

How does the OPEN DECENT mode work?

A

The OPEN DECENT mode is a selected mode and maintains a SPD/MACH (selected or managed) with the AP/FD pitch mode while autothrust (if active) maintains IDLE thrust.

54
Q

What is the MIX IRS position?

A

Each FMGC receives a position from each of the three IRS’s and computes a mean-weighted average called the ‘MIX IRS’ position.

55
Q

Which protection is not available below 100 feet AGL?

A

The alpha floor protection.

56
Q

The FMA annunciation ‘A/THR in blue’ means

A

The A/THR is armed.

57
Q

Can you trim the rudder when the A/P engaged?

A

No when the AP is engaged the rudder trim knob is inoperative and the master FMGC sends rudder orders to the FAC.

58
Q

What is the function of the rudder travel limitation?

A

This function limits rudder deflection as a function of speed in order to avoid high structural loads.

59
Q

When will the Flight Director (FD) automatically disappear?

A

Both FD’s are removed when the aircraft pitch exceeds 25° up or 13° down or bank angle exceeds 45°

60
Q

What is the function of the Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC)?

A

The FAC controls rudder, rudder trim and yaw damper inputs computes data for the flight envelope and speed functions and provides warning for low-energy and windshear detection

61
Q

How many modes of operation does the FMGS have?

A

Three
* Dual mode(the normal mode)
* Independent mode (each FMGC is controlled by its associated MCDU)
* Single mode (using one FMGC only).

62
Q

On the ground, how do you arm the A/THR?

A

By setting the thrust levers in the TOGA or FLEX gate (when a FLEX temp inserted in the MCDU)
At least one FD must be ON for the A/THR to arm during takeoff

63
Q

If the FLEX TEMP is not entered on the TAKOFF page of the MCDU, and the thrust levers are positioned in the FLEX detent, what will occur?

A

A warning will be generated- Continue to move the thrust levers to the TOGA detent and execute a max thrust take-off

64
Q

Can both autopilots be engaged during any phase of flight?

A

No, only during an ILS approach

65
Q

What does the red AUTO LAND light indicate?

A

Below 200’ RA:
- Excessive deviation (LOC or G/S) - Loss of both autopilots
- Loss of LOC or G/S signals
- Difference of 15 feet between the RAs

66
Q

What is the active range of the A/THR?

A

Just above IDLE to the CL detent (2 Engines)- Just above IDLE to the MCT detent (1 Engine)

67
Q

What is the normal operational position of the thrust levers when A/THR is active?

A

The CL detent

68
Q

What determines the maximum thrust the A/THR system will be able to command?

A

The position detent of the thrust lever

69
Q

What are 3 ways to disconnect the A/THR?

A
  1. Pushbutton on thrust lever
70
Q

What is the preferred method of disconnecting A/THR?

A

Set the thrust levers to match the TLA to the existing N1 and disconnect using the instinctive disconnect pushbutton

71
Q

How do you disconnect the A/THR for the remainder of the flight?

A

Press and hold the Instinctive Disconnect button for 15 seconds

72
Q

How do you then regain normal A/THR after a TOGA LOCK?

A

-Move Thrust Levers to the TOGA detent
- Press the Instinctive Disconnect button
- Return Thrust Levers to CL detent
- Push the A/THR pushbutton to engage A/THR

73
Q

When would Thrust Lock occur?

A

Thrust levers in CL detent and A/THR pushbutton on the FCU is pushed, or- A/THR disconnects due to a failure

74
Q

What is Alpha Lock?

A

This function inhibits retracting slats from 1 to 0 at a high angle of attack or low airspeed

75
Q

What happens to thrust and what annunciates on the FMA when you reach Alpha Floor?

A

-Thrust: TOGA
- FMA: A.FLOOR

76
Q

What occurs during Alpha Floor protection after speed increases above Vls?

A

FMA changes to TOGA LK

77
Q

When is Alpha Floor Protection active?

A

From lift-off through 100’ RA on approach

78
Q

Is this protection (Ground Speed Mini) available in selected speed?

A

No, managed speed only

79
Q

What does the red arrow in the SIDESTICK PRIORITY light mean?

A

It illuminates in front of the pilot losing authority

80
Q

How would you regain control of your sidestick?

A

The last pilot to press the pushbutton on the side stick will have authority- An aural “Priority Left” or “Priority Right” will sound

81
Q

When will SRS disengage?

A
  • At ACC ALT or ALT* or ALT CST*
  • Crew engages another vertical mode
  • If crew selects a speed while in SRS, SRS reverts to OP CLB
  • SRS can in some aircrafts disengage if TCAS mode engages
82
Q

What does the acronym ASAP mean in regards to what protections that comes on at V alpha prot zon?

A

A AOA is commanded by the sidestick
S Speed-brakes retract
A Auto pilot is disengaged
P Pitch nose up trim is inhibited

AIRBUS A320 (33 decks)

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