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Vins > Australie > Flashcards

Australie Flashcards

1
Q

When does its vineyard cycle (budburst) start and when does it end (harvest)?

A

Vineyard cycle starts in September/October and harvest is in March/April.

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2
Q

What is the main feature of Australian as a wine producer?

A

Australia has been incredibly successful at taking international grape varieties and crafting them into unique and new styles.
Among the most famous are full-bodied Shirazs, lime flavoured Rieslings, elegant Cabernets and subtle Semillons that evolve for decades.
This diversity is set to grow as new regions, grape varieties and wine styles continue to be explored.

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3
Q

What is the overarching climate of Australia?

A

A diverse range of climates can be found in Australia.
The main growing regions are WARM to HOT, due to Australia’s latitude.
Many of these regions are tempered by their proximity to either the Southern or Indian Ocean or the Murray River system.
Others, such as Adelaide Hills and Eden Valley, are cooled by altitude.

There are zones and sub-zones where the climate can be Maritime, Mediterranean, and Subtropical.

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4
Q

Australia is situated in fairly northern latitudes of the southern hemisphere, making overall conditions in the country’s growing regions mostly dry, and quite warm to hot – like much of California.
With summers being so dry, there can be an increased risk of what?

A

An increased risk of fires.
Evenif the vineyard is not damaged or destroyed, the smoke from such fires can come into contact with the grapes causing a pungent taint (should fires blaze before or around veraison).

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5
Q

Is irrigation allowed in Australia?

A

In many regions, rainfall is low and irrigation in the growing
season is essential.
Drought can be a significant problem and in extreme years, even the Murray River, which provides a vital source of water for the inland vineyard areas of Riverland and Murray-Darling, can run low.

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6
Q

What is the hierarchy of Australian wine growing areas (GIs)?

A

From largest to smallest:
ZONES: large areas which can cover a state or several states with similar climatic conditions (e.g. Limestone Coast zone, South Eastern Australia).
REGIONS: smaller in size than zones, but wines must demonstrate consistent and recognizable traits that differ from nearby regions (e.g. Margaret River, Clare Valley, Coonawarra).
SUBEREGIONS: smallest in size, these areas must have distinct traits and be within one region (e.g. Polish Hill River subregion within Clare Valley).

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7
Q

What is the most planted red grape of Australia?
And the most planted white grape?

A

Shiraz (most planted of either color)
Chardonnay

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8
Q

Select which style of Shiraz matches with a hotter region and which style matches with a cooler region:
full bodied and intensely fruity
lean, peppery
Give an example of a hot region and a cool region.

A

Hot region: full bodied and intensely fruity, earthy or spicy
note, leather aromas as they age
eg Hunter Valley, Barossa Valley

Cool region: lean, peppery
Geelong, Heathcote

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9
Q

What are some broadstroke differences between Australian Cabernet Sauvignon and Australian Shiraz?

A

Aussie Cabernet is often darker in color with firmer tannin, higher acidity, and blacker fruit characteristics (blackcurrant, black plum, black cherry), often underpinned by toasty oak notes.
Aussie Shiraz tends to have softer tannin, redder fruits, and peppery notes.

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10
Q

Name 2 classic regions in Australia known for Cabernet Sauvignon.

A

Margaret River and Coonawarra

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11
Q

What grapes can be used in a Aussie red blend ?

A

MERLOT tends to be found in blended wines typically alongside Cabernet Sauvignon, to provide body and fleshy, plummy fruit.
SHIRAZ can also be blended with CBSV.

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12
Q

The best examples of Australian Pinot Noir come from:
warm to hot sites
cool to moderate sites
northern region
Give an example of an Australian region known for its Pinot Noirs.

A

Cool to moderate sites
Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Tasmania
Pinot Noirs from these regions will be medium across the tasting grid: M body, M tannin, M/H acid, with typical flavours of cherry and strawberry.

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13
Q

What do some Australians call the Mourvèdre grape?

A

MATARO

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14
Q

What sun-loving, late-ripening red grapes are well suited for Australia’s warmth?

A

Grenache
Petit Verdot
Mataro
Varieties from Italy and Spain (eg Sangiovese, Tempranillo) have also gained in popularity in recent years because they are well adapted
to high summer temperatures and a limited water supply.

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15
Q

Describe the differences between everyday Australian Chardonnay and high-quality Australian Chardonnay (where they come from and what style to expect from each).

A

Everyday = basic
blend of fruits from various regions
unoaked to give peachy flavours, or
oaked (using chips/staves) to add hints of toast and vanilla.

High Quality
- from cool to moderate regions: Adelaide Hills, Mornington
Peninsula and Yarra Valley
- also from a warmer region = Margaret River
- well balanced and integrated thanks to thoughtful use of lees aging, malolactic fermentation, and/or oak maturation

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16
Q

Give four examples of Australian regions known for their high-quality Chardonnays

A

Adelaide Hills
Mornington Peninsula
Yarra Valley
Margaret River

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17
Q

Which Australian wine region is known to produce benchmark Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Adelaide Hills
concentrated passion fruit, high acidity

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18
Q

What is the classic Australian region for Semillon?

A

Hunter Valley

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19
Q

What is the profile of a classic, young Hunter Valley Semillon?

A

Neutral flavors when bottled
Harvested early
Light body
Low sugar levels
High acidity
Low alcohol
Minimum oxygen contact
Inert vessels for fermentation & storage

Develop extraordinary flavours of honey and toast with bottle
age (can age for 20Y or more)

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20
Q

What are the other styles of Aussie Semillon wines?

A

Western Australia: much more herbaceous style
Barossa Valley: traditionally fuller-bodied, softer style; however, early-picked, unoaked versions are now increasingly being produced.

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21
Q

What is the profile of a classic, young Australian Riesling?

What happens as they age?

A

Pronounced citrus fruit aromas and flavours (lime, lemon, grapefruit)
Unoaked
High acidity
Usually Dry to barely off-dry (some are sweet)

They develop rapidly into toast, honey and petrol notes

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22
Q

Classic (and exceptional!) Rieslings are known to be grown in these two South Australian GIs.

A

Clare Valley and Eden Valley

Tasmania, and the Frankland River sub-region of Western Australia, are also developing reputations for high-quality Rieslings. Here the wines are less citrusy and more floral.

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23
Q

The South Eastern Australia super-zone covers what areas?

A

This vast super-zone covers the whole of Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania, along with the southeastern corners of South Australia and Queensland.

Note: the book doesn’t specifically mention Tasmania, but see the map on p. 165 where it’s clearly indicated.

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24
Q

Wines labeled South Eastern Australia are known to be:
a) high volume brands made from blended fruit producing inexpensive wines
b) small-production brands made from single-site fruit producing exceptional wines

A

High volume brands made from blended fruit producing inexpensive wine

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25
Q

Which heavily irrigated, Australian GIs are major sources of grapes for big brands?

A

Riverina in New South Wales
Riverland in South Australia
Murray-Darling in Victoria

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26
Q

Besides bulk wine, Riverina is well known for making a specialty dessert wine made from this grape.

A

Semillon affected by Botrytis

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27
Q

What 6 regions in South Australia do you need to know?

A

Barossa Valley
Eden Valley
Clare Valley
Adelaide Hills
McLaren Vale
Coonawarra

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28
Q

South Australia produces approximately how much of Australia’s total annual production?:
very little
the majority
all of it

A

The majority

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29
Q

If a wine comes from the Barossa Zone, what appellation does it take?
What are the 2 regions in Barossa Zone?

A

Barossa
Barossa Valley
Eden Valley

30
Q

What is the difference between a wine labeled ‘Barossa’ and ‘Barossa Valley’?

A

If a wine is labeled with its GI as ‘Barossa’, it means the grapes came from both Barossa Valley and Eden Valley.
If a wine is labeled with its GI as ‘Barossa Valley’, it means the grapes came just from Barossa Valley.

31
Q

The heart of fine wine production in South Australia is ________ Valley.

A

Barossa Valley

32
Q

What is the climate of Barossa Valley?
What are the red grapes that come from Barossa Valley?

A

Warm, dry climate

33
Q

What is the profile of a classic Barossa Valley Shiraz?

A

Old bush vines produce outstanding Shiraz.

Full-bodied, with soft tannins and ripe black fruit
complemented by sweet American oak.
It softens and develops aromas of leather and spice as it ages.

34
Q

What white variety can be found in Barossa Vamlley?

A

SEMILLON
is increasingly made in a fresh, unoaked style.

35
Q

Eden Valley is to the ________ of Barossa Valley, and Clare Valley is to the ________ of Barossa Valley.
Which of these (Clare and Eden) has a cool to moderate climate, and which has a warm climate?

A

EDEN V. is located EAST of Barossa V. with a cool to moderate climate that varies with altitude.

CLARE V. is located NORTH WEST of Barossa V. with a warm climate, tempered by cool afternoon breezes and cold nights.

36
Q

Eden Valley is best known for which grape?
What other grapes are grown successfully there?

A

Outstanding quality RIESLINGS are made in the cooler vineyards, having intense lime and grapefruit aromas and a steely character. The best have longevity displaying marmalade and toasty characters
after ten years.

Shiraz, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon are also grown with success.

37
Q

Although Clare Valley is warm, its nights are cold.
How does Clare Valley get so cool?

A

Many vineyards are planted at ALTITUDES (300 to 400 metres), some even as high as 570 metres.

38
Q

Clare Valley is best known for which grape?
What other grapes are grown successfully there?

A

Clare Valley RIESLINGS are dry in style with intense citrus and lime aromas and a high acidity . With bottle age they can develop honey and toast characters.

Clare Valley SHIRAZ is fragrant, powerful and structured .

Excellent quality Cabernet Sauvignon is also produced with varying styles depending on the vineyard location, soil and elevation .

The best red wines have a long cellaring potential.

39
Q

What is the climate of Adelaide Hills?
When does it typically rain there?

A

Adelaide Hills region has a moderate climate where all vineyards
are planted above 400 metres in altitude.

Rainfall occurs mainly in the winter, and soils have limited water-holding capacity meaning that irrigation is often necessary during the growing season.

40
Q

What grapes are most often found growing in Adelaide Hills GI?

A

Refreshing Sauvignon Blancs,
as well as elegant Chardonnays,
that have high natural acidities and pronounced citrus and peach aromas.

Pinot Noir is also grown for still red wines and blending with Chardonnay for sparkling wine.

41
Q

All vineyards in Adelaide Hills are planted above ______m in altitude.

A

400 m

42
Q

Where is McLaren Vale in relation to Adelaide?
What is the climate like in McLaren Vale?

A

McLaren Vale region is located on the coast to the south of Adelaide.

Afternoon breezes from the nearby ocean temper the warm climate.

43
Q

What are the main grapes grown in McLaren Vale?

A

Shiraz,
Cabernet Sauvignon,
Merlot,
Grenache

44
Q

What style of wine dominates McLaren Vale?

A

Intensely flavoured with dark fruit aromas and have soft,
ripe tannins.
Some OLD VINE Shiraz and Grenache are used to create wines with depth and complexity.

45
Q

Name the region in the southeastern corner of South Australia that has a moderate maritime climate and is influenced by cold currents sweeping up from the Antarctic.

A

COONAWARRA

Cloud cover also moderates summer temperatures.

46
Q

What makes the soil in Coonawarra so distinctive?
What grape grows well here and what special characteristic does it have?

A

Distinctive red, terra rossa soil over a limestone subsoil.

Cabernet Sauvignon, which predominates, is made into concentrated, structured wines with characteristic cassis and eucalyptus or menthol aromas.

The best examples age very well. Shiraz, Merlot and Chardonnay
are also widely planted.

47
Q

What is the coolest state on Australia’s mainland?

A

VICTORIA

48
Q

Why does Victoria have some of the coolest vineyards on the mainland?

A

Ocean breezes and altitude

49
Q

Wine regions around Melbourne, particularly Yarra Valley, get cool enough to grow these grapes to make this style of wine.

A

The wine regions around Melbourne and Port Phillip Bay benefit from ocean breezes, giving conditions cool enough to grow high - quality Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and grapes for sparkling wine.

50
Q

What 5 regions in Victoria do you need to know?

A

Yarra Valley
Mornington Peninsula
Geelong
Heathcote
Hunter Valley

51
Q

Name two inland, high-altitude regions in Victoria known for making aromatic, stylish wines.
What are the grapes grown here?

A

The Great Dividing Range provides a range of altitudes and aspects.

High altitude sites such as those in the regions of Macedon Ranges and Upper GouIburn make elegant Pinot Noir and Chardonnay as
well as aromatic Riesling and Sauvignon Blanc.

Regions on lower slopes grow later-ripening black varieties such
as Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon; these wines are often
fresher and lighter in style than those from Australia’s hotter regions.

52
Q

Where is Yarra Valley in relation to Melbourne?
What is the overall climate of Yarra Valley?
What is the specialty grape of Yarra Valley?

A

Yarra Valley region is located to the north-east of Melbourne.

The climate is cool to moderate and maritime, but this is a very varied region with a wide range of altitude and aspects.

Pinot Noir is the speciality.

53
Q

While Yarra Valley has a sweeping cool to moderate maritime climate, it has a range of elevations and aspects.
What does this mean for the style of Yarra Valley wines?

A

The region is renowned for its excellent quality SPARKLING wines.

PINOT NOIR is generally rich in fruit, with strawberries, plums and dark cherries. The tannins are ripe and soft and careful oak handling adds complexity. The top producers make age-worthy wines.

The geographical diversity here means that CHARDONNAY, SHIRAZ and CABERNET SAUVIGNON are also successfully made in a range of styles although never with quite the weight of similar wines from warmer regions.

54
Q

Where is Mornington Peninsula in relation to Melbourne?
What is the climate of Mornington Peninsula?
For what grapes is MP famous?

A

South of Melbourne

Cool to moderate, maritime climate.
Vintages can vary due to the
chance of cool, wet and windy weather at flowering and often at harvest.
The best years have a long growing season producing fragrant, elegant wines with finesse.

PINOT NOIR ranges from light and delicate, to more structured, but all tend to display very pure fruit characteristics.
CHARDONNAYs reflect the cool growing conditions having citrus, pear and apple aromas and high acidities that are usually
softened by MLF.

55
Q

Geelong:
where is it located
what is its climate
major grapes planted

A

west of Melbourne
similar climatic conditions to the Mornington Peninsula = Cool to moderate, maritime climate

CHARDONNAY is renowned for its quality and tends to be complex, concentrated and full bodied.
PINOT NOIR can take on earthy aromas.
SHIRAZ is generally fresh and peppery.
CHARDONNAY and PINOT NOIR are also used for SPARKLING wines.

56
Q

Heathcote:
where is it
how does it get cool
what is its climate
major grapes planted

A

Heathcote is located in the centre of Victoria, much
further inland than the Yarra Valley, Mornington
Peninsula and Geelong.

Cooling influences come from altitude rather than the ocean giving a moderate climate, and helping to produce SHIRAZ wines with a
firmer structure and fresher fruit flavours than those of
warmer regions.
Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon are also widely planted and Mediterranean grapes such as Sangiovese and Tempranillo have shown promise.

57
Q

Goulburn Valley:
where is it
warmer or cooler than Heathcote
how is it cooled
major grapes planted

A

To the east of Heathcote is the warm GouIburn Valley region.

Heat is mitigated slightly by the lakes and creeks associated with the Goulburn River.

SHIRAZ is the most planted variety.
MARSANNE is the speciality of the area, producing wines with citrus fruit in youth and developing honeyed aromas with bottle age.

58
Q

New South Wales’ most important GI is ______.
What grape is this GI known for?

A

New South Wales has the longest history of wine
production in Australia.

The main region here is the hot HUNTER VALLEY.

59
Q

Hunter Valley is:
a) hot + humid
b) moderate + dry
c) cool + windy

A

The Hunter Valley region has a hot, humid climate

60
Q

If Hunter Valley is so hot + humid, what allows the region to be hospitable to viticulture?

A

High cloud cover and ocean breezes reduce the effect of the heat in the peak of summer.

61
Q

What are the GIs in New South Wales that have slightly cooler conditions to Hunter Valley?
What makes them slightly cooler?

A

The regions of MUDGEE, ORANGE and COWRA offer slightly cooler conditions. Located inland from Sydney, on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, the vineyards are planted at altitude and are capable of producing some very concentrated Chardonnays and structured Cabernet Sauvignons.

62
Q

What is Hunter Valley’s weather threat?
Besides Semillon, what two other grapes have major plantings in Hunter Valley?

A

The region often suffers from unsettled rainy weather at harvest.

The most planted grape variety is SEMILLON => light bodied, low alcohol, high acidity and flavours that are initially rather neutral but evolve into a complex spectrum of toast, nut and honey flavours with
bottle age.

CHARDONNAY is also widely planted and made in both oaked and unoaked styles.
SHIRAZ usually makes wines with black fruit flavours (blackberry and cherry), soft tannins, a medium body and an earthy undertone.

63
Q

Which Australian state does not supply grapes or juice for South Eastern Australia GI?

A

Western Australia

64
Q

What coastal winemaking region is roughly 200km south of Perth and has a warm maritime climate?

A

Margaret River
The rainfall is highcompared with other Australian regions, but falls mainly in the winter.

65
Q

What are the white grapes in Margaret River GI?
What red grape is Margaret River best known for?

A

CHARDONNAY: concentrated stone-fruit aromas, high levels of natural acidity; ôtential use of barrel ageing and MLF to add
complexity.
SAUVIGNON BLANC: often blended with SEMILLON for attractive gooseberry and tropical fruit aromas with high acidity.

CABERNET SAUVIGNON: often blended with MERLOT in a Bordeaux-style blend. A number of different styles are produced ranging from
elegant and restrained to fruity and powerful.

66
Q

What are the nested regions of the Great Southern region?

A

Mount Barker and Frankland River,
known for deeply coloured Cabernet Sauvignon,
elegant, peppery Shiraz and floral Riesling.

67
Q

What is the climate of Tasmania?
What helps keep it cool?

A

Cool maritime climate,
cooled by prevailing westerly winds off the Southern Ocean,
providing conditions that are generally free from extremes.

68
Q

What are the principal grapes grown on Tasmania?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris.
Cabernet Sauvignon can ripen in the warmest, driest areas

69
Q

What is the name of the body of water that separates Tasmania from the mainland?

A

Bass Strait

70
Q

What is The Great Dividing Range?

A

cordillera system in eastern Australia consisting of an expansive collection of mountain ranges, plateaus and rolling hills. It stretches more than 3,500 kilometres. The width of the Range varies from about 160 to over 300 km.
The Great Dividing Range creates a barrier protecting many of south-eastern Australia’s vineyards from the tropical weather systems which come in from the Pacific Ocean to the northeast.
- The regions in its rain shadow get very low levels of rainfall: Riverland, for example, gets on average 135 mm during the growing season.
- In contrast, Hunter Valley, the only major wine-producing region to the east of the mountain range, gets 500 mm and has a distinctive hot and humid climate.

71
Q

Is chaptalization legal in Australia?

A

It is illegal to add sugar, a process known as chaptalisation, to table wine in Australia.

72
Q

What 3 rivers in New South Wales provide much-needed irrigation water to the area?

A

Murrumbidgee River
Murray River
Darling River

Vins (40 decks)

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