attachment- cultural variations

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

refers to shared beliefs and values of members of a particular society

Question 2

what are the two types

Answer 2

individualistic culture- one which emphasises personal independence and achievement at the expense of group goals
collectivist culture- emphasies family and work goals above individual needs and desires, high degree of interdependence between people

Question 3

ljzendoorn and kroonberg

Answer 3

• completed meta analysis on 32 studies across 8 countries using ainsworth’s strange situation
• conducted on 2000 babies
• attachment types between and within cultures were studied

Question 4

what were the findings of ljzendoorn and kroonberg

Answer 4

• secure attachment was the most common in all cultures- highest in great britain
• germany had highest number of avoidant children
• japan had very few avoidant, but high number of resistant
• 1 and a half times more variation within cultures than between cultures

Question 5

great britain and us

Answer 5

• individualistic
• encourage inderpendance and not being reliant on others

Question 6

japan

Answer 6

• collectivist
• rarely left by their mother
• distress shown when she leaves is more due to shock than it is to insecure attachment

Question 7

research support: takahashi

Answer 7

method:
- 60 one year olds from middle class japanese families
- observed in strange situation
findings:
- 0 infants= insecure resistant
- all children were distressed when left alone- 90% didnt complete the whole procedure due to extreme distress
conclusion:
- cross-cultural differences in raising children in raising children producing different reactions to the strange situation