Athabasca - Chapter 5 - Study Questions

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

interpretation of what is sensed

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors —the eyes, ears,
tongue, nostrils, and skin

Question 3

ecological view of perception

Answer 3

The view, proposed by the Gibsons, that people directly perceive information in the world around them. Perception brings people in contact with the environment so that they can interact with and adapt to it.

Question 4

affordances

Answer 4

Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that are necessary to perform activities.

Question 5

visual preference method

Answer 5

A method developed by Fantz to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to diff erent stimuli.

Question 6

habituation

Answer 6

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Question 7

dishabituation

Answer 7

The recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.

Question 8

Visual Acuity

Answer 8

newborn perceives a world with some order. That world, however, is far diff erent from the one perceived by the toddler or the adult.

Question 9

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 9

sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant.

Question 10

Size constancy

Answer 10

recognition that an object remains the same even though the
retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object

Question 11

Shape constancy

Answer 11

recognition that an object remains the same shape even though
its orientation to us changes.

Question 12

Localization.

Answer 12

determine the general location from which a sound is coming

Question 13

intermodal perception,

Answer 13

involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing

Question 14

dynamic systems theory

Answer 14

A theory, proposed by Esther Thelen, that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting.

Question 15

reflexes

Answer 15

Built-in reactions to stimuli.

Question 16

rooting reflex

Answer 16

when the infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. In response, the infant turns its head toward the side that was touched, in an apparent eff ort to find something to suck

Question 17

sucking reflex

Answer 17

A newborn’s built-in reaction of automatically sucking an object placed in its mouth.

Question 18

Moro reflex

Answer 18

A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense noise or movement

Question 19

grasping reflex

Answer 19

A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms. The infant responds by grasping tightly.

Question 20

gross motor skills

Answer 20

Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms and walking.