Athabasca - Chapter 5 - Study Questions Flashcards
Perception
interpretation of what is sensed
Sensation
occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors —the eyes, ears,
tongue, nostrils, and skin
ecological view of perception
The view, proposed by the Gibsons, that people directly perceive information in the world around them. Perception brings people in contact with the environment so that they can interact with and adapt to it.
affordances
Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that are necessary to perform activities.
visual preference method
A method developed by Fantz to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to diff erent stimuli.
habituation
Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
dishabituation
The recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.
Visual Acuity
newborn perceives a world with some order. That world, however, is far diff erent from the one perceived by the toddler or the adult.
Perceptual Constancy
sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant.
Size constancy
recognition that an object remains the same even though the
retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object
Shape constancy
recognition that an object remains the same shape even though
its orientation to us changes.
Localization.
determine the general location from which a sound is coming
intermodal perception,
involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing
dynamic systems theory
A theory, proposed by Esther Thelen, that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting.
reflexes
Built-in reactions to stimuli.
rooting reflex
when the infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. In response, the infant turns its head toward the side that was touched, in an apparent eff ort to find something to suck
sucking reflex
A newborn’s built-in reaction of automatically sucking an object placed in its mouth.
Moro reflex
A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense noise or movement
grasping reflex
A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms. The infant responds by grasping tightly.
gross motor skills
Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms and walking.
