Athabasca Chapter 1 - The Nature of Child Development

Question 1

Who Invented ecological theory

Answer 1

Bronfenbrenner

Question 2

Stages of Ecological Theory

Answer 2

. Microsystem: relations between child and immediate environment
* Mesosystem: connections among immediate settings
* Exosystem: social settings that affect but do not contain the child
* Macrosystem: values, laws, customs, resources of culture
* Chronosystem: dynamic, ever-changing nature of person’s environment

Question 3

Following aspects are part of which theory

• Believed in the importance of early experience
• Five stages of psychosexual development

Answer 3

Freud

Question 4

Who discovered Classical conditioning

Answer 4

Pavlov

Question 5

Following stages belong to which theory

• Sensorimotor: Birth–2 years
• Preoperational: 2–7 years
• Concrete operational: 7–11 years
• Formal Operational: 11 years and older

Answer 5

Piaget’s cognitive development theory

Question 6

Following aspects belong to which Theory

• Psychosocial stages
• Development is motivated by our social needs
• Life-span development

Answer 6

Erick Erickson’s Psychosocial development Theory

Question 7

Following aspects belong to which Theory

• Growth depends on cultural and social interaction
• Help needed from more advanced peers and adults

Answer 7

Vygotsky’s social development theory

Question 8

Who discovered operant conditioning

Answer 8

Skinner

Question 9

Describe Operant conditioning

Answer 9

Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. An animal or a human receives a consequence ( Reward or Punishment) after performing a specific behavior. The consequence is either a reinforcer or a punisher.

Question 10

Following aspects belong to which Theory

• Views the human mind as working something like a computer
• Thinking involves perceiving, encoding, representing, storing, and retrieving information

Answer 10

information processing theory

Question 11

Who Added social cognition to operant conditioning

Answer 11

Albert Bandura

Question 12

Following aspects belong to which Theory

• At first, theory was thought to be inapplicable to humans
• Studied critical periods in development

Answer 12

Lorenz ethnological theory

Question 13

The five psychosexual stages

Answer 13

oral. 0-1 yrs
anal 1-3 Yrs
phallic 3-6 Yrs
latent 6-12 Yrs
genital 12 Yrs and above

Question 14

Select one -Researcher manipulates independent variable and measures impact on dependent variable

a. Experiment
b. Physiological measures
c. Sequential approach
d. Correlational research
e. Cross-sectional approach
f. Longitudinal approach

Answer 14

a. Experiment

Question 15

Measure relations between physiological processes and behaviour

Select one:
a. Experiment
b. Physiological measures
c. Sequential approach
d. Correlational research
e. Cross-sectional approach
f. Longitudinal approach

Answer 15

b. Physiological measures

Question 16

Three important cognitive theories are:

Select one:
a. Pavlov’s theory, Bronfenbrenner’s theory, Piaget’s theory
b. Ethological theory, Bandura’s theory, Vygotsky’s theory
c. Piaget’s theory, Vygotsky’s theory, information-processing theory
d. Erikson’s theory, information-processing theory, Skinner’s theory
e. Pavlov’s theory, Bandura’s theory, Skinner’s theory
f. Bronfenbrenner’s theory, Bandura’s theory, Vygotsky’s theory

Answer 16

c. Piaget’s theory, Vygotsky’s theory, information-processing theory

Question 17

Information about two or more variables without researcher intervention

Select one:
a. Correlational research
b. Experiment
c. Physiological measures
d. Sequential approach
e. Cross-sectional approach
f. Longitudinal approach

Answer 17

a. Correlational research

Question 18

Observe people of different ages (or cohorts) at one point in time

Select one:
a. Experiment
b. Physiological measures
c. Sequential approach
d. Correlational research
e. Cross-sectional approach
f. Longitudinal approach

Answer 18

e. Cross-sectional approach

Question 19

Observe people of one cohort repeatedly over time

Select one:
a. Experiment
b. Physiological measures
c. Sequential approach
d. Correlational research
e. Cross-sectional approach
f. Longitudinal approach

Answer 19

f. Longitudinal approach

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT included in ethical consideration?

Select one:
a. Informed consent
b. Confidentiality
c. Protection from harm
d. (Lack of) deception, debriefing, & knowledge of results
e. All of the above are included

Answer 20

e. All of the above are included

Question 21

Validity =

Select one:
a. repeated information over time and observers
b. really measures what it’s supposed to measure (verifies the truth)

Answer 21

b. really measures what it’s supposed to measure (verifies the truth)

Question 22

Advantages of interviews and questionnaires are lots information in a short period of time and confidentiality.

Select one:
True
False

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Match the example to the method
Stability/continuity of antisocial behavior between two ages

Select one:
Cross Sectional
Experiment
Correlational

Answer 23

correlation

Question 24

Match the example to the method
Effect of task difficulty on strategy use

Select one:
Cross Sectional
Experiment
Correlational

Answer 24

Experiment

Question 25

Match the example to the method
Effect of cloth carrier use on attachment

Select one:
Cross Sectional
Experiment
Correlational

Answer 25

Experiment

Question 26

Match the example to the method
Age differences in perceptions of peer group

Select one:
Cross Sectional
Experiment
Correlational

Answer 26

Cross Sectional

Question 27

Match the example to the method
Maternal alcohol consumption and severity of birth defects

Select one:
Cross Sectional
Experiment
Correlational

Answer 27

Correlational

Question 28

Match the example to the method
Children from divorced parents and educational

Select one:
Cross Sectional
Experiment
Correlational

Answer 28

Correlational