Assessing Nose, Sinuses, Thorax, and Lungs Flashcards
The structure and function of the nose and sinuses
Assessing Nose and Sinuses
The focus on the nose and sinuses as the first part of the Respiratory System.
Structure and Function
Consists of a bridge and the tip
External Nose
Two oval openings
Nares
Between the roof of the mouth and the cranium
Nasal Cavity
Line accorded applied
Septum
Supply of blood
Kiesselbach Area
Compiled superior, middle, and inferior divisions
Turbinates
Projects from the lateral walls
Conchae
Filters large particles from the air
Vibrissae
Underlies the each put up tents
Meatus and Nasolacrimal Duct
Four pairs
Paranasal Sinuses
Above the eyes
Frontal Sinuses
Upper jaw location
Maxillary Sinuses
Located deeper
Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal Sinuses
The leaning towards clinical significance
Biological and Cultural Behavior Variations
Color differences
Nose
By uvula, lip, palate, and teeth
Sinuses
The data driven
Health Assessment
Painful growths inside the nose
Nasal Polyp
Septum hole inside the nose
Perforated Septum
The structure and function of the thorax and lungs
Assessing Thorax and Lungs
The focus on the thorax and lungs as the fundamental components of the Respiratory System
Structure and Function
Identifies the portion of the body extending from the base of the neck superiorly to the level of the diaphragm inferiorly
Thorax
Involved with the Sternum, 12 pairs of Ribs, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, muscles, and cartilage
Thoracic Cage
Lies in the center of the chest
Sternum / Breastbone
Important landmark mended in the Manubrium
Suprasternal Notch
Location for the counting Second Pair of Ribs
Sternal Angle / Angle of Louis
The main structure of the Thoracic Cage
12 Pairs of Ribs
Curves up immediately under the Clavicles
First Pair of Ribs
Easily located adjacent to the Sternal Angle
Second Pair of Ribs and Intercostal Spaces
Lies superior to all pair of cartilages
Fourth Pair of Ribs
Landmark for assessment
Costal Angle
Floating Ribs
11th and 12th Pair of Ribs
The Vertebra Prominens
7th Cervical Vertebra
Anterior Chest
Midsternal Line and Right and Left Midclavicular Lines
Extended Chest
Vertebral Line and Right and Left Scapular Lines
From the apex of the axillae to the level of 12th rib
Midaxillary Line
From the anterior axillary fold up to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax
Anterior Axillary Line
From the posterior axillary fold down to the posterolateral aspect of the chest wall
Posterior Axillary Line
Lined by the pleural membranes
Mediastinum
Lies anterior to the esophagus
Trachea
C-shaped rings
Hyaline Cartilage
Bifurcates sternally
Bronchi
Bifurcates repeatedly
Bronchioles
Channeled into alveolar sacs
Alveoli
Two-cone shaped, elastic structures suspended, within the Thoracic Cavity
Lungs
Each lung extends slightly above the Clavicle
Apex
At the level of the diaphragm
Base
Lines the Thoracic Cavity
Pleura
Lines the chest cavity
Parietal Pleura
Covers the external surfaces of the lungs
Visceral Pleura
Between two pleural layers
Pleural Space
Mechanical act of breathing and is accomplished by expansion of the chest vertically and horizontally
External Respiration / Internal Respiration
Enlargement of the chest cavity
Inspiration
Occurs in the bound diaphragm
Expiration
Bound to cellular demands intended
Breathing Patterns
The leaning towards clinical significance
Biological and Cultural Behavior Variations
The associated differences
Lung Volumes and Capacities
The essential examination
Health Assessment
High sound
Bronchial
Moderate sound
Bronchovesicular
Low sound
Vesicular
High-pitched, short popping, sound
Crackles (Fine)
Low-pitched, bubbling moist, sounds
Crackles (Coarse)
Low-pitched, dry grating, sound
Pleural Friction Rub
High-pitched, musical, sound
Wheeze (Sibilant)
Low-pitched, snoring or moaning, sound
Wheeze (Sonorous)
12-20 cpm
Normal
More than 24 cpm
Tachypnea
Less than 10 cpm
Bradypnea
Increased rate and increased depth
Hyperventilation
Low-pitched, snoring or moaning, sound
Kissmaul
Decreased rate and decreased depth
Hypoventilation
Alternate periods
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Apnea
Biot
Significant disorganization
Ataxic
Significant difficulty
Air Trapping