Assessing Neurologic System Flashcards
The rendered coordinating and regulating of all body functions
Assessing Neurologic System
The focus on the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Structure and Function
Levels of Consciousness
Coherent
Confused
Lethargic
Obtunded
Unresponsive
Encompasses the brain and the spinal cord
Central Nervous System
Layers of connective tissues
Meninges
Surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Subarachnoid Space
Relies overall filling
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Does electrical activities
Neurons
Located in the cranial cavity
Brain
Four Major Divisions of the Brain
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Largest part of the Brain
Cerebrum
Divisions of the Cerebrum
Right Cerebral Hemisphere
Left Cerebral Hemisphere
Joined bundle of nerve fibers responsible for communication
Corpus Callosum
Impulses sent and received
Cerebral Hemispheres
Four Lobes of the Brain
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Intends higher level functions
Gray Matter
Formation of Cerebral Cortex
Rim Surface
Lies beneath the Cerebral Hemispheres
Diencephalon
Responsible for screening and directing the impulses to the specific areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Thalamus
Responsible for regulating many body functions as water balance, appetite, vital signs, sleep cycles, pain perception, and emotional status
Hypothalamus
Located between the Cerebral Cortex and spinal cord
Brain Stem
Composition of the Brain Stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Relay center for ear, eye reflexes, and impulses between the higher cerebral centers
Midbrain
Links the Cerebellum and Cerebrum upon various reflex actions
Pons
Supposes regulation of respiratory function, heart rate and force, and blood pressure
Medulla Oblongata
Located behind the Brain Stem and under the Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Located in the vertebral canal and extends from the Medulla Oblongata to the first lumbar vertebra
Spinal Cord
Has H-shaped appearance
Inner Part
Made up of white matter
Outer Part
Travels the impulses
Neural Pathways
In two ascending neural pathways
Sensory Impulses
Sensation of pain, temperature, and crude and light touch
Spinothalamic Tract
Sensation of position, vibration, and fine touch
Posterior Columns
In two descending neural pathways
Motor Impulses
From Motor Cortex and Medulla
Pyramidal / Corticospinal Tract
From Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Brain Stem
Extrapyramidal Tract
Entails 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Peripheral Nervous System
Glasgow’s Coma Scale
Eye Response
Motor Response
Verbal Response
Types of Fibers
Somatic Fibers
Autonomic Fibers
Carries impulses to voluntary skeletal muscles
Somatic Fibers
Carries impulses to smooth involuntary muscles
Autonomic Fibers
Poses conscious or voluntary activities
Somatic Nervous System
Poses unconscious or involuntary nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
Evolves from the Brain or Brain Stem for transmission of motor or sensory messages
Cranial Nerves
Evolves from Vertebrae along the Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerves
Nerve Roots
Dorsal / Posterior Roots
Ventral / Anterior Roots
Innervates area of skin
Dermatome
Incorporates the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Fight or Flight System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Arise from thoracolumbar level of spinal cord
Sympathetic Fibers
Function restoration and maintenance of normal body functions
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Arise from craniosacral regions
Parasympathetic Fibers
The leaning towards clinical significance
Biological and Cultural Behavior Variations
Levels of Memory
Immediate Recall
Recent Memory
Remote Memory
Vascular causes
Cerebrovascular Disease
Mental condition
Bad Nerves
The essential examination
Health Assessment
Affects all complete body systems
Subjective Data
Evaluates areas of mental status, cranial nerves, motor and cerebellar system, sensory system and reflexes
Objective Data
Assesses the neurological status
Neurological Examination
Smell
Olfactory
Vision
Optic
Light
Oculomotor
Six Ocular Movements
Trochlear
Movement
Trigeminal
Direction
Abducens
Named expressions
Facial
Sounds / tones
Vestibulocochlear
Stated tongue
Glossopharyngeal
Speech
Vagus
Atrophy
Accessory
Accordance
Hypoglossal
Movement of muscles / Balance / Coordination
Motor and Cerebellar Systems
Light Touch / Pain / Temperature Sensations / Vibratory Sensations / Position Sensations / Tactile Discrimination
Sensory Systems
Biceps / Triceps / Brachioradialis / Patellar / Achilles / Patellar / Babinski
Reflexes