17 Ass 9 pt 1 Disease Flashcards
What term describes the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria?
Vector
Why is it hard to control the spread of TB? 3
Global air travel for commerce & tourism has increased
the bacterium that causes tuberculosis has evolved resistance to some antibiotics
Civil unrest as a result of poverty result in overcrowded living conditions
What feature of cholera decreases the spread of the pathogen vibrio cholerae? 2
Cholera rapidly kills up to 50% of people with symptoms if they’re not treated,
which shortens the time that they are contagious
Of the diseases HIV/AIDS, cholera, malaria, & measles
which one is spread by a vector?
malaria
What is the name of the pathogen that causes cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
How do you reduce the transmission of TB? 3
antibiotic therapy for sufferers
vaccination for non-sufferers
more living space per person
What do the pathogens of HIV/AIDS, malaria & TB all have in common?
genes
What are some features of malaria? 4
It can be transmitted by animals to other animals, including humans
One mode of transmission is transfusion by contaminated blood
the causative organism can show multiple drug resistance
the majority of humans who die from the disease are children
How can you protect yourself against cholera? 4
cook food well and eat it hot
peel fruit and vegetables
drink only cool, boiled water
wash hands often with soap and cool, boiled water
What is comorbidity?
When an individual has 2 or more diseases/medical conditions
What is an example of comorbidity where initial infection with one pathogen can increase the risk of developing a second disease that is a major cause of death for these ppl?
HIV infection followed by development of TB
How high is the risk of developing TB after being infected with HIV/AIDS?
More than 15 times higher
What could allow an second outbreak of malaria in a place where it had previously been eliminated? 3
Mosquitoes become resistant to insecticides
migration of the population due to war
malarial parasites become resistant to quinine
What type of pathogen is TB?
A bacterium
What is the main way TB is spread?
coughs and sneezes
What is one factor that can make an area have higher rates of malaria?
a more humid climate
How can the rate of antibiotic resistance be reduced? 3
Prescribing two antibiotics with different modes of action
prescribing different antibiotics for the same bacterium
finishing a prescribed course of antibiotics
How does penicillin kill bacteria?
Penicillin inhibits the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the cell wall
causes water to enter the cell and burst the bacteria
What are the factors that determine global distribution of malaria 5
Hot and humid climate
migration of ppl with low malaria immunity to an area with high malaria incidence
stagnant bodies of water where mosquitoes can breed
insecticide resistance of mosquitoes
drug resistance of the parasite
