Pracs pt 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is osmosis investigated? 2

A

Observing effect of osmosis in plant cells

Can find out water potential (ψ) of plant using standardised sugar/salt solutions

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2
Q

What is one method to measure osmosis in potatoes? 2

A

Observe changes in mass of potato chips when left to stand in different concentrations of salt solutions

Standard salt solution will be supplied & will have to perform simple dilution to create different concentrations

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3
Q

What are the features of low power plan diagrams? 4

A

Features are just outlines of different tissues visible in an organ

Individual cells aren’t drawn

proportions & relative thickness of tissues are represented accurately

Eyepiece graticule can be helpful in judging proportions

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4
Q

What are the main features of high power plan diagrams? 3

A

Individual cells are shown as a small cluster of 3-5 cells

Cell walls are drawn in plant cells as 2 lines

Nucleus is drawn as a circle or oval and not coloured

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5
Q

What are the rules for plan diagrams? 5

A

Clear, solid lines

No shading/colouring

Show overall shape & proportions

Take up as much space as possible

Draw only what you see

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6
Q

What are the rules for labeling plan diagrams? 5

A

Use a ruler for lines

one end should touch part being labelled

No arrows

don’t cross label lines

Labels must be written horizontally

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7
Q

How can you see the difference between xylem and phloem when drawing a plan diagram? 2

A

Phloem usually stained green

Xylem usually stained red with thicker walls

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8
Q

How can you identify parenchyma when drawing a plan diagram?4

A

It’s a type of tissue that’s usually outside the vascular bundle

Has thin cell walls

nuclei may be visible

Cortex us mainly made up of parenchyma tissue

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9
Q

How can you identify collenchyma when drawing a plan diagram?2

A

Slightly thicker walls and is used for support

Usually found in stem & midrib of leaves

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10
Q

How can you identify the endodermis when drawing a plan diagram?

A

It’s a layer inside the organ that surrounds the vascular bundle

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11
Q

How can you identify the schlerenchyma when drawing a plan diagram?3

A

Usually appears red

has lignified walls

provides extra strength to stem

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12
Q

Why are chloroplasts arranged roughly in lines towards outside edge of cells?

A

Large permanent vacuole pushes chloroplasts to edge of cell

Maintains light availability for chloroplasts

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13
Q

How many layers of phospholipids are in a double membrane?

A

4

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14
Q

What makes chloroplasts appear green?

A

chlorophyll

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15
Q

What are the rules for comparative tables?5

A

Table is lined in pencil, writing is in ink

Each row & column needs a heading

Have column for feature under comparison on left side

Headings must match image/specimen labels exactly

Remember basic visible features

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16
Q

How does wavelength of coloured light affect magnification & resolution of microscope?

A

Magnification stays the same

Resolution decreases as wavelength increases