19 Ass 10 immunity

Question 1

What are the functions of T- lymphocytes? 5

Answer 1

Production of cytokines

production of toxins

recognition of an antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell

part of specific immune response

Can form memory cells

Question 2

What are the functions of B lymphocytes? 3

Answer 2

Form plasma cells

can form memory cells

part of specific immune response

Question 3

What is the function of plasma cells?

Answer 3

Secrete antibodies into blood plasmsa

Question 4

What do T-helper cells do? 3

Answer 4

Release cytokines when activated

cytokines stimulate complimentary B-cells to divide quickly into plasma cells

cytokines can stimulate macrophages to ingest pathogen faster

Question 5

What do T-Killer cells do?

Answer 5

Attach to complimentary antigens on antigen-presenting cell

release chemicals that kill host cell and pathogens inside

Question 6

What cells engulf and digest pathogens? 3

Answer 6

Neutrophils
and Macrophages
(both are phagocytes)

Question 7

Life cycle of T-lymphocyte 4

Answer 7

Produced in stem cells in bone marrow

mature in thymus gland

Constantly circulate body (mainly blood)

can leave blood and accumulate at sites of inflammation

Question 8

life cycle of B lymphocyte

Answer 8

produced in stem cells in bone marrow

mature in bone marrow

leave bone marrow

constantly circulate in body (mainly blood)

Question 9

Where are antibodies found during an immune response 2

Answer 9

In blood plasma

On the surface of cell membranes

Question 10

What do memory cells do in long term immunity

Answer 10

Divide to form plasma cells and memory cells when pathogen enters body a second time

produce a fast response so that the person infected with pathogen doesn’t become ill again

remain in blood & lymphatic system after pathogen is destroyed

Question 11

Do memory cells produce more antibodies than were produced during the primary immune response?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What is primary immune response?

Answer 12

When a host is infected for the first time with a new antigen

Question 13

What is secondary immune response

Answer 13

When host is infected a second time with antigen and memory cells deal with it

Question 14

6 what is E

Answer 14

B-memory cell

Question 15

6 what is F

Answer 15

T-helper cell

Question 16

6 What is G

Answer 16

T-killer cell

Question 17

6 what is H

Answer 17

plasma cell

Question 18

What is active immunity? 3

Answer 18

When a person goes through primary immune response

and activates B-lymphocytes to produce plasma and memory cells

leads to long-term immunity

Question 19

What are two was to acquire active immunity?

Answer 19

Be infected with new antigen for first time (natural)

Get vaccinated (artificial)

Question 20

What is passive immunity? 4

Answer 20

When antibodies aren’t produced by host but taken from another source

can be injected (artificial)

or drank in breast milk (natural)

only lasts a short time bc antibodies are broken down in body

Question 21

10 Read context and question

What blood group can be given to blood group B?

Answer 21

B and O

Question 22

What do macrophages do?

Answer 22

Recognise foreign antigens, go to them and engulf them

Question 23

What are monoclonal antibodies? 3

Answer 23

Specific antibodies produced by B-cells during clonal expansion and selection

Hard to produce in large quantities

high specificity means they’re used in medical diagnosis and treatment

Question 24

What is clonal expansion?

Answer 24

When B cells divide rapidly by mitosis

Question 25

13 read context and answer question

Answer 25

4 and 5 only

Question 26

14 read context and answer question

Answer 26

1,2 and 4

Question 27

Why doesn’t a one-does measles vaccination program work?

Answer 27

some children need several booster shots to develop full immunity

Question 28

How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

Answer 28

A mouse cell is injected with a sample of human fibrin protein

it develops an immune response that results in plasma cells in spleen

plasma cells collected and fused with a cancer cell to form a hybridoma

Question 29

Why are monoclonal antibodies so hard to produce

Answer 29

Plasma cells can’t divide by mitosis

Question 30

18 read context and answer question

Answer 30

B