19 Ass 10 immunity Flashcards
What are the functions of T- lymphocytes? 5
Production of cytokines
production of toxins
recognition of an antigen bound to an antigen-presenting cell
part of specific immune response
Can form memory cells
What are the functions of B lymphocytes? 3
Form plasma cells
can form memory cells
part of specific immune response
What is the function of plasma cells?
Secrete antibodies into blood plasmsa
What do T-helper cells do? 3
Release cytokines when activated
cytokines stimulate complimentary B-cells to divide quickly into plasma cells
cytokines can stimulate macrophages to ingest pathogen faster
What do T-Killer cells do? 2
Attach to complimentary antigens on antigen-presenting cell
release chemicals that kill host cell and pathogens inside
What cells engulf and digest pathogens? 3
Neutrophils
and Macrophages
(both are phagocytes)
Life cycle of T-lymphocyte 4
Produced in stem cells in bone marrow
mature in thymus gland
Constantly circulate body (mainly blood)
can leave blood and accumulate at sites of inflammation
life cycle of B lymphocyte 4
produced in stem cells in bone marrow
mature in bone marrow
leave bone marrow
constantly circulate in body (mainly blood)
Where are antibodies found during an immune response 2
In blood plasma
On the surface of cell membranes
What do memory cells do in long term immunity 3
Divide to form plasma cells and memory cells when pathogen enters body a second time
produce a fast response so that the person infected with pathogen doesn’t become ill again
remain in blood & lymphatic system after pathogen is destroyed
Do memory cells produce more antibodies than were produced during the primary immune response?
No
What is primary immune response?
When a host is infected for the first time with a new antigen
What is secondary immune response
When host is infected a second time with antigen and memory cells deal with it
6 what is E
B-memory cell
6 what is F
T-helper cell
6 What is G
T-killer cell
6 what is H
plasma cell
What is active immunity? 3
When a person goes through primary immune response
and activates B-lymphocytes to produce plasma and memory cells
leads to long-term immunity
What are two was to acquire active immunity?
Be infected with new antigen for first time (natural)
Get vaccinated (artificial)
What is passive immunity? 4
When antibodies aren’t produced by host but taken from another source
can be injected (artificial)
or drank in breast milk (natural)
only lasts a short time bc antibodies are broken down in body
10 Read context and question
What blood group can be given to blood group B?
B and O
What do macrophages do?
Recognise foreign antigens, go to them and engulf them
What are monoclonal antibodies? 3
Specific antibodies produced by B-cells during clonal expansion and selection
Hard to produce in large quantities
high specificity means they’re used in medical diagnosis and treatment
What is clonal expansion?
When B cells divide rapidly by mitosis
13 read context and answer question
4 and 5 only
14 read context and answer question
1,2 and 4
Why doesn’t a one-dose measles vaccination program work?
some children need several booster shots to develop full immunity
How are monoclonal antibodies produced? 3
A mouse cell is injected with a sample of human fibrin protein
it develops an immune response that results in plasma cells in spleen
plasma cells collected and fused with a cancer cell to form a hybridoma
Why are monoclonal antibodies so hard to produce
Plasma cells can’t divide by mitosis
18 read context and answer question
B
