20 Ass 10 immunity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are the 1st 4 events of phagocytosis?

A

Cell releases histamine when attacked by pathogens

Histamine attracts patrolling neutrophils to site of invasion

Pathogens may be covered in antibodies secreted by lymphocytes,

further stimulating neutrophil to attack pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the next 5 events of phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophil binds to cell receptors on pathogen

and engulfs the cell with it’s membrane

This forms a phagocyte vesicle

Once inside, lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes like proteases fuse to vesicles

These break down the pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of cells are stimulated to divide by cytokines produced by T-helper cells?

A

B-lymphocytes and T-killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Leydig cell?

A

Cells in testes and male gonads that synthesise testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a characteristic of a Leydig cell?

A

Lots of smooth endoplasmic reticulum to synthesise testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

21 B Fig 3.1 what type of image is it?

A

transmission electron micrograph?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the characteristics of a light microscope image? 4

A

Max X1000 magnification

Colour images

Stains can be applied

Can observe living specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the characteristics of electron micrographs? 4

A

High resolution so can produce clear images at higher magnification than light microscopes

Only non-living specimens can be observed

images are black and white but false colours can be applied

Cell ultrastructure can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between an electron micrograph and a transmission electron micrograph?

A

Transmission is even more high powered and higher res

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of hormone is testosterone?

A

lipid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does testosterone enter the cell?

A

Simple diffusion ( because it’s non-polar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles (usually small and non-polar) from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are lipids polar or non polar?

A

non-polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why can’t cytokines cross the cell surface membrane and enter their target cells? 2

A

They could be too big to fit through gaps between fatty acids

Or they’re polar and can’t go through the hydrophobic centre of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is exocytosis 3

A

The process by which materials are transported out of cells

the substances to be released are packaged into secretory vesicles

formed by Golgi body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is endocytosis 2

A

The process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane

It buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle

17
Q

22 what is happening at T 2

A

exocytosis, because vesicles are coming from Golgi body

18
Q

22 what is P?

A

nucleolus

19
Q

22 what is Q

A

mitochondrion

20
Q

22 what is R

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

22 what is S

A

Golgi apparatus

22
Q

What does is the nucleolus primary function?

A

Formation of ribosomes

23
Q

What does is the mitochondrion primary function?

A

site of aerobic respiration

24
Q

What does is the rough endoplasmic reticulum primary function?

A

protein synthesis

25
Q

What does is the Golgi apparatus primary function? 2

A

process molecules from the ER
form vesicles for exocytosis

26
Q

What is the standard treatment used for suspected cholera cases2

A

Rehydration with a solution of water, salts and glucose

Can be delivered orally or intravenously if patient can’t swallow

27
Q

Suggest and explain why oral rehydration can prevent larger outbreak of cholera 3

A

It helps patient recover faster

so they’re contagious for shorter time

Reduces how severe the contagious symptoms are (less secretion of bodily fluids)

28
Q

How does the structure of monoclonal antibodies allow them to be specific in their action 2

A

They have high specificity level due to 3D structure

and so specific antigen is complementary to binding site

29
Q

Pg 19 Read context and see Fig

explain the conclusions that can be drawn from the results of the RDT dipsticks for each person

A

Person A has V.chloerae O1 and person B doesn’t have cholera

This is because in person A, area 3 has a visual coloured band,

showing that the anti O1 antibody binds to the antigen and V.cholerae 01, forming an antigen-antibody complex

Both tests are working because the band in area 4 is visible

30
Q

c pg 11 see table & read context

calculate percentage chance of RDT dipstick correctly confirming that a person with cholera has the disease

A

97/102 x 100= 95%

31
Q

What are the advantages of using an RDT dipstick over a lab culture? 3

A

It’s quicker

requires less expensive equipment

doesn’t require a trained professional