18 Ass 9 pt 2 Disease Flashcards
Explain what is meant by the term transmissible.
A pathogen passed on from an infected host to a non-infected host that can cause illness/disease
What can cause outbreaks of cholera? 5
poverty, war, natural disasters, poor sanitation, lack of available treatments
How can poverty cause cholera outbreaks 3
Poor sanitation
lack of access to clean water or sewage systems
lack of access to treatments
How can war cause cholera outbreaks?
It destroys infrastructure
How can natural disasters cause cholera
destroys infrastructure and can cause poverty
Q 22 b see fig and answer q line is 31 mm
A=I/M
I= 31 mm = 31000um
M=21000
A=31000/21000
= 1.47619…
= 1.5 um
What are the features of prokaryotic cells? 7
Unicellular
1-5 um, smaller than eukaryotes
no membrane bound organelles
no nucleus,
free floating circular DNA plasmids & a chromosome
Smaller ribosomes, 70s
cell surface membrane & cell wall
What are the features of eukaryotes? 6
Unicellular or multicellular
10-100um, bigger than prokaryotes
membrane bound organelles
Membrane-bound nucleus
80s ribosomes, bigger than prokaryotes
cell surface membrane & cell wall
Q22 d Read context & see fig
A student used the data in fig 4.2 to predict that measures to control the spread of HIV will decrease the number of deaths from TB.
Discuss whether the data in fig 4.2 supports this 4
Doesn’t support
there’s a larger proportion of TB deaths without HIV/AIDS than with HIV/AIDS
There are also other factors than HIV/AIDS that increase the chances of dying from TB
How does a low number of T-helper cells make it more likely that untreated ppl infected with HIV will die if they also get TB? 4
When the number of T-helper cells is low, the immune system can’t fight against pathogens as effectively,
leading to opportunistic infections taking over.
This is because there are lower levels of cytokine produced,
so macrophages and B-lymphocyte response isn’t stimulated and fewer viruses are killed
Explain how malaria is transmitted 3
Female anopheles mosquitoes are vectors for malaria,
which is transmitted through blood
if the mosquito drinks blood from an infected host, the parasite can spread through its salivary glands when drinking from an uninfected host
State 3 advantages of using test strips for malaria
It’s quicker to diagnose
it’s easy and accessible bc it doesn’t require a trained professional
it doesn’t require expensive equipment
Q20 Read context & see diagram
which statement is correct?
N is a control disc showing bacteria R grow when antibiotic Y is not present
Define multiple drug resistant in bacteria
Bacteria have DNA with resistant genes for several different types of antibiotic
What’s the initial mechanism by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
genetic mutation
