16 Ass 8 pt 2 Transport and Gas Exchange in Mammals Flashcards
Q21 a name X and Y
X: mucous gland
Y:Cartilage
State the name of the type of biological molecule of which collagen is an example
protein
Name the structures of the gas exchange system that contain smooth muscle (check notes bc there might be more than in memo) 3
bronchiole, bronchus & trachea
Name the structures of the gas exchange system that DONT contain smooth muscle (check notes bc there might be more than in memo) 1
alveolus
List all of the structures through which a blood clot in the left atrium must travel to reach the
blood vessels supplying the brain.
The structures must be listed in the correct sequence. 4
atrioventricular valve, left ventricle, semi-lunar valve, aorta
Explain why blocking a small artery in the brain leads to brain damage.
Restricts oxygen flow to the brain cells
What does AF stand for?
Atrial fibrillation
What does myogenic mean in the heart 2
The electrical activity controlling the rhythm of a regular heartbeat
begins in the heart muscle itself
What is Atrial fibrillation? 3
An abnormal heart rhythm
that causes rapid, irregular contractions of the atria.
If untreated can cause a stroke
What is a common cause of AF?
When a small group of muscle cells in the left atrium wall starts to send electrical impulses to the surrounding heart muscle cells
Explain how the control of the heartbeat by the sinoatrial node can be disrupted by AF, resulting in
rapid and irregular atrial contractions 3
The sinoatrial node won’t be able to work as a pacemaker
because the impulses from other muscles will interfere
the extra impulses will cause extra contractions in the atria
Q22 c identify enzyme X
carbonic anhydrase
Q22 c identify molecule Y
haemoglobonic acid
What does carbonic anhydrase do?
It catalyses the reaction between CO2 and water to form carbonic acid
What does haemoglobonic acid do?
It causes oxygen to be released from haemoglobin