asexual and sexual reproduction: 2.0

Question 0

Non-heritable characteristics

Answer 0

Characteristics that are not passed down through generations.
Ex. A person who learned to play the piano will not have offspring born with that ability.

Question 1

Heritable characteristics

Answer 1

Characteristics that are passed from generation to generation
Ex. Eye colour, hair type, skin colour

Question 2

Discrete variation

Answer 2

The differences in characteristics that have a defined form

Ex. Cat either has blue eyes or does not have blue eyes

Question 3

Continuous variation

Answer 3

The differences in characteristics that have a range of forms.
Ex. Height of adults can range in different sizes

Question 4

Variation resulting in its environment

Answer 4

Variations in individual organisms result from the interactions they have with their environment. The variations created are not heritable.
Ex. A plant in a sunny window will thrive in colour whereas one in a dim closet will be spindly and dull in colour

Question 5

Changes that affect animals

Answer 5

Death from old age, predation, disease, injury or sudden in environment changes such as earthquakes or temp drops and rises

Question 6

What helps species survive those changes

Answer 6

Adaptation and reproduction. When an organism matures it can reproduce with one another to survive and thrive through their variations.

Question 7

Types of reproduction

Answer 7

Sexual and asexual

Question 8

Asexual reproduction

Answer 8

Involves one parent
Offspring are identical to parent
Some forms of this reproduction are binary fission, Spore reproduction, budding and vegitative reproduction

Question 9

Asexual reproduction occurs most among…

Answer 9

Plants such as the spider plants who make runners and micro-organisms such as fungi and bacteria. May also occur in more primitive animals as the hydra

Question 10

Binary fission

Answer 10

These animals simply split their cells in two by a form of cell division called cleavage. The cytoplasm separated to surround each new nucleus. The result is two identical individuals
The parent no longer exists as a single unit but has become two daughter cells
Only single-called organisms such as bacteria and other protests such as amoeba reproduce this way.

Question 11

Budding

Answer 11

Involves the development on the body surface of the parent by creating a smaller version of itself which eventually detached and becomes a new individual that is identical to its parent
Yeast, coral and hydra reproduce this way

Question 12

Spore reproduction

Answer 12

Spores are similar to seeds, but produced by division of cells of that parent, not by the Union of two cells.
Fungi, green algae, some moulds and non-flowering plants such as ferns reproduce by producing spores

Question 13

Vegitative reproduction

Answer 13

The reproduction of a plant that does not involve the formation of a seed. Plants such as strawberries or spider plants grow runners that produce new plants. Other forms of vegitative reproduction includes tubers such as potatoes or the roots of an aspen tree which produce a form of root called a sucker

Question 14

Sexual reproduction

Answer 14

Most species of animals and plants reproduce sexually. Female and male parents are usually involved in sexual reproduction.

Question 15

Gametes

Answer 15

Each parent produces special sex cells called gametes. Gametes contain half chromosomes that every other adult cell in the body has

Question 16

Female gametes

Answer 16

Known as egg cells

Question 17

Male gametes

Answer 17

Known as sperm cells

Question 18

Fertilization in animals

Answer 18

Occurs when the sperm cell and the eggs cell combine.
When the nuclei of two gametes fuse together during fertilization, the resulting cell or zygote contains the full number of cromosons
A gamete also contains 2 sets of hereditary information, one from each parent

Question 19

Zygote

Answer 19

Divides into two cells. Each of these cells divided into two more cells. The process continues and is known as cleavage. Repeated cell division results in a new multicellular life form known as an embryo

Question 20

Hermaphrodites

Answer 20

Animals such as earthworms and snails , have both ovaries and testes in each individual. Most hermaphrodites cross fertilize with one another of their species. In most animals the sex organs are separate I’m different individuals

Question 21

Sexual reproduction in plants

Answer 21

This reproduction in plants requires the joining of male and female gametes to produce a zygote and than made into an embryo
Most plants produce both genders of gametes

Question 22

Pollen in plants

Answer 22

Contains make gametes of a plant and the pollen is found on the stamen

Question 23

Stamen

Answer 23

Make part of plant

Question 24

Ovules in plants

Answer 24

Contain female gametes of a plant and are found in the pistil

Question 25

Pistil

Answer 25

Female part of the plant

Question 26

Pollination

Answer 26

Occurs when the pollen is transferred from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil

Question 27

Fertilization

Answer 27

Occurs when the make and female gametes unite

Question 28

Cross-pollination

Answer 28

Occurs when the pollen of one plant is carried to the stigma of another by wind, water or animals such as bees

Question 29

Cross-fertilization

Answer 29

Occurs when a grain of pollen from one plant lands on the pistil of another and produces a long tube that grows down the style and into the ovaries that contain the ovules

Question 30

What contains sex cells

Answer 30

Pollen grains and ovules

Question 31

Embryos inside seeds

Answer 31

In most plants the embryo is produces inside a seed

The seed protects the embryo and stored food for the embryo when it starts to grow

Question 32

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 32

Doesn’t refugee any specialized cells to bring the gametes together making the process of fertilization quicker
They can make identical copies of themselves, reproducing quickly

Question 33

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 33

There is lots of variation in the species created sexually from mixed genes, this allows the species to adapt more to environmental change

Question 34

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 34

Little variation in a species could wipe out an entire population of the conditions are bad for their species

Question 35

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 35

Requires a lot of energy and method to bring the two cells together in fertilization
Limited number of offspring produced

Question 36

Stamen (male part) contains….

Answer 36

Anther: holds pollen grains with male gametes in them
Filament: holds up the anther

Question 37

Pistil (female part) contains…

Answer 37

Stigma: collects pollen grains containing male gametes
Style: passage for the tube created by the pollen down to the ovaries
Ovary: where the ovules are held to create fertilization and the production of a new embryo

Question 38

Organisms that reproduce bathe sexually and asexually

Answer 38

Sponges can reproduce both ways and most plants the produce seeds can also reproduce asexually (cuttings, runners) depending on the environmental conditions the amount of energy varies, enabling the plant to control its population