3.0 DNA, Genes, Chromosomes and their codes

Question 0

DNA

Answer 0

The molecular structure of DNA forms a double helix
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Responsible for variation
Arrangement of the DNA chemicals are formed into a genetic code

Question 1

Genetic code

Answer 1

Genetic information is stored in the DNA

An individual chemical molecule is what forms part of the genetic code

Question 2

Double helix

Answer 2

The structure of our genetic material
Human DNA consists of two strands which twist around each other like a staircase
Each price attached are:
Adenine: A Thymine: T
Guanine: G
Cytosine: C
DNA is coiled very tightly to be able to fit into the nucleus of a cell

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Cell that Holds DNA, Chromosomes and genes

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

Single uninterrupted segments of DNA
Found in pairs
Both gene pairs carry DNA instructions for the same thing
Offspring inherit genes from both parents
Are found in chromosomes and are made of DNA
The number of genes varies in a species
Alleles are different forms of the same genes

Question 5

Genes determine characteristics

Answer 5

Individuals have two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. The copies interact to create a combination of both parents in the offsprings characteristics and features

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

Packages of DNA
Located in the nucleus cell
Chromosomes give instructions for creating an individual like and encyclopedia
Found in pairs
# varies between species
Humans have 46 chromosomes, dogs have 78, cats have 38

Question 7

Cell division

Answer 7

Binary fission is a form of cell division that occurs in asexual reproduction. Produces two new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent
Creates two exact copies of the parent cell when divided
Ensures that characteristics are passed down from generations to generations in a species

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

Occurs in asexual reproduction
Two new cells are produced through one cell division
Each of the cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent
Occurs in body cells
Responsible for growth and cellular repair of a multicellular organism
Parent cell replicates its DNA before cell division cause each daughter cell recovers the same genetic code

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Occurs in sexual reproduction
Four sex cells produces through two cell divisions
Each cell had half the DNA/chromosomes of the parent cell
Each gamete had only half the DNA of a normal cell, when the make and female gametes unite there is a complete set of DNA in the zygote
Offspring produced are not identical to their parents cells because they are combines genes and DNA

Question 10

Dominant trait

Answer 10

The outward form observed when two opposite acting alleles are inherited. One characteristic will be more dominant than the other making that characteristic be produced through its offspring

Question 11

Recessive trait

Answer 11

The outward form observed only when two same- acting non- dominant alleles are inherited
The offspring of two recessive trait parents will have recessive traits in their characteristics that are not dominant

Question 12

Hybrid

Answer 12

An organism produces by crossing two individuals purebred for different forms of a trait

Question 13

Incomplete dominance

Answer 13

A pattern of inheritance seen when two different alleles are present at the the same gene location, but neither is dominant
The colours of two different flowers for example will have an offspring of the mixed copies of their parents in their petals

Question 14

Purebred

Answer 14

Refers to an organism that has ancestors all with the same form of a trait

Question 15

Trait

Answer 15

A characteristic of an organism

Question 16

Dominant and receive traits

Answer 16

Choose wetter the offspring is a hybrid or purebred
Dominant traits: attached or detached lobes. Etc
Recessive traits: sickle sell anemia, albinism, colour blindness etc

Question 17

Punnett squares

Answer 17

B: black
b: brown
Uses the charts by saying if a coat of an animals is a certain colour and how their offspring will turn out in coat colour
The combinations could be: BB, bb, Bb, bB
You than use the number of combinations out of the total to make a fraction, you than turn that fraction into a percent to show the genotypes and phenotypes

Question 18

Genotypes

Answer 18

Each separate possible combination of coat colours and the fractions/percentages they make up of the offspring
Genetic makeup of a cell or living thing: inherits from parents

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

The total percent of coat colour vs. The total percent of the other coat colour
Combination of percentages in the genotypes
The visible characters a produced by a genotype: physical shape produces by its genotype

Question 20

Homozygous

Answer 20

Purebred: passed from generations to generations of the same species

Question 21

Heterozygous

Answer 21

Mixed bred: different species of organizes DNA and genetic code combines in the offspring