3.0 compounds form according to a set of rules Flashcards
Guyton de Morveau
A French chemist in 1787 created a naming system for compounds.
He used the chemical name for each element in the compound, always putting the metal element first
Chemical formula
The name of certain chemicals and identifies which elements and how much of each are in the compound
Subscript number
Below the Capital letter for the element
It indicates that there are however many atoms of that element to go with every atom of the next element
The number shows how many elements are needed to combine in order to form that compound
State subscript letter
A lower case bracketed letter that goes below the compounds formula that indicates the state that the compound is in
g- gas s- solid l- liquid
Ionic compound
Pure substances formed as a result of the attraction between particles of opposite charges called ions
Are solids at room temp
When melted or dissolved in water, it will conduct electricity
Former when the ions combine, creating a crystal
Properties: solids at room temp
Good electrical conductivity
Distinct crystal shape
Ions part one
Particles of opposite charges that are attracted to each other
Electrochemical cells
Cells that either convert chemical energy into electrical energy or electrical energy into chemical energy
This work eventually led to the invention of batteries
Let’s scientists look at the structure if matter in greater depth through this concept
Ions part two
When the ionic compound is dissolved in water, the metal and non- metal form an aqueous solution of ions
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that become electrically charged through the loss or gain of electrons
Uses + and - signs in the upper right corner in the table to show their ion makeup
Polyatomic ions
Form when certain atoms if elements combine
Are groups of stones that act as one
Naming ionic compounds
The chemical name of the metal or positive ion goes first, followed by the name of the non-metal or negative ion. Second, the name of the non-metal negative ion changes it’s ending to IDE
Even with Polyatomic ions the name remains the same rather than changing to IDE
Using ion charges and chemical names to create formulas
- Print the elements symbol with its ion charge, next to it print the non-metals symbol and ion charge
- Balance the ion charges: find a common number between both charges
- Write the formulas by indicating how many atoms are in it using symbols and subscript numbers ( number of atoms)
Formulas with Roman numerals
- Prong the metal and non metal element symbol with both charges
- Look at the Roman numeral beside the metal ( number of how many their are to be)
- Balance the charges using common number
- Write the formula and reduce
Molecular compounds
Molecular compounds are pure substances formed when non-metals combine
Properties:
They can be solids, liquids or gases at room temp
Tend to be insulators or poor conductors of electricity
Forces between the molecules are weak
Naming molecular compounds
Similar to that of ionic compounds that no ions are present and the ion charge is not used in formulas
- first element in compound uses original name, second ends in IDE
- when there is more than one atom in the formula a prefix is added
Prefixes
CO2 Carbon DIoxide N2O DInitrogen MONOxide N2O3 DInitrogen TRoxide NF3 Nitrogen TRIflouride CCL4 Carbon TETRAchloride PF5 Phosphorus PENTAfluoride
DI meaning for 2 of the element MONO meaning for 1 of the element ending TR meaning for 3 of the element TETRA meaning for 4 of the element PENTANE meaning for 5 of the element
