Arousal Flashcards
What is arousal
An energised state/ readiness to perform
What is the drive theory
As arousal increases so does performance.
Linear fashion
P = f (dxh)
An increased drive = increased performance
How does arousal (drive) effect dominant response
At high levels of arousal we pick up less info (attentional narrowing) and focus on dominant responses, which performer thinks is correct.
In elite players dominant response is correct, so can perform well under high levels of arousal.
Novice players- domestic response is wrong so performance decreases when arousal is too high.
What is the inverted U theory
As arousal increases so does performance up to an optimal point but once this point is exceeded performance starts to decrease.
Both under and over-arousal negatively impacts performance.
Optimal arousal is best for performance.
What does the catastrophe theory suggest
Increasing arousal improves performance to an optimal point but once this point is passed performance deteriorates.
How does personality, experience and nature of task affect arousal levels
Personality-
Introverts- performs best w lower arousal cause they already have high adrenaline levels.
Extroverts- perform best with higher arousal levels cause they can tolerate extra adrenaline.
Experience-
Novice- perform best with low arousal levels as have to concentrate on lots on info and want to avoid attention narrowing as dominant response likely to be wrong.
Experts- work best under high arousal levels as they’re used to the pressure and have correct dominant response so attentional narrowing doesn’t have negative effects on them.
Nature of task-
Fine/complex skills- performed best under low arousal as require control and precision.
Gross skills- performed best cause they don’t need as much control or decision making.
What is the zone of optimal functioning
Area of controlled arousal and peak performance
What is peak flow performance and what are factors that prevent it
Ultimate intrinsic experience felt by performer.
Where you have supreme confidence, highly focus, movements feel effortless and automatic
Factors oreventing it
-poor mental prep
-failure to reach optimal arousal
-environmental influences eg crowd pressure
-injury and fatigue
Impact of under and over arousal
Under arousal and over-arousal
-poor selective attention( attentional narrowing), lack of concentration, slower reaction time
Under arousal- social loafing And ringleman effect
Over arousal- violence, rule-breaking
Both mean you can’t reach optimal performance
What does ringman effect and social loafing mean
Ringleman effect- team performance decreases with group size
Social loafing- individual loss of motivation due to teammate performing poorly.
