APPROACHES - SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Social Learning Theory?

A

Learning through observing others and imitating behaviours that are rewarded

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2
Q

Outline the procedure of Bandura et al. (1961)

A
  • Half the children were exposed to adult models interacting aggressively with a life-sized Bobo doll and half were exposed to non-aggressive models
  • The aggressive model displayed physically aggressive acts towards the doll (e.g. hitting with a mallet, accompanied by verbal aggression such as saying ‘POW’)
  • Following exposure to the model, children were frustrated by being shown attractive toys which they were not allowed to play with
  • Children were taken to a room where, among other toys, there was a Bobo doll
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3
Q

Outline the findings of Bandura et al. (1961)

A
  • Children who observed aggression reproduced physically and verbally aggressive behaviour resembling the model
  • Children who didn’t observe aggression displayed no aggression toward the doll
  • 1/3 of children who observed aggression repeated the model’s verbal responses
  • None of the children who observed non-aggression made verbally aggressive remarks

FOLLOW UP - children who saw model get rewarded for aggression where more likely to show increased aggression in their own play

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4
Q

Define Modelling

A

Learning where individuals learn a particular behaviour by watching others perform that behaviour

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5
Q

Define Imitation

A

Using something or someone as a model and copying their behaviour

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6
Q

Define Identification

A

A form of influence. An individual adopts a behaviour because they want to become associated with a particular person or group

The extent to which an individual relates to a model and feels they are similar to that person (e.g. similar sex)

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7
Q

Define Vicarious Reinforcement

A

Learning that is not a result of direct reinforcement of behaviour, but by seeing someone else being reinforced for that behaviour.

Bandura and Walters (1963)

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8
Q

Define Mediational Processses

A

Internal mental processes that take exist between environmental stimuli and the individual’s response to the stimuli

A - attention (did the individual pay attention)
R - retention (can the individual remember the behaviour)
R - reproduction (is the individual able to reproduce the behaviour)
M - motivation (whether perceived rewards outweighs the perceived costs)

Bandura (1986)

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9
Q

Outline the procedure of Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)

A
  • 36 boys and 36 girls aged between 3 - 6
  • 3 experimental groups: exposed to real-life aggressive model, exposed to on-film aggressive model, exposed to aggressive cartoon
  • 1 control group: exposed to non aggressive model
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10
Q

Outline the findings of Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)

A
  • Children who observed an aggressive role model behaved more aggressively than the control group children who had observed a non-aggressive role model
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11
Q

What makes imitation more likely?

A
  • If the observer witnesses the role model being rewarded for their behaviour
  • If the observer identifies with the role model
  • If the observer has high self-efficacy (observer is confident to imitate)
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12
Q

What are the mediational processes?

A
  • Attention
  • Reproduction
  • Motor reproduction
  • Motivation
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