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Psychology > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Wundt do? (4 things)

A

Opened first psychology lab
Introspection
Controlled procedures
Structuralism

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2
Q

What did Wundt’s controlled procedures involve?

A

Ppts presented with a ticking metronome, and asked how it made them think and feel.

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3
Q

What is structuralism?

A

Breaking up the consciousness into thoughts, images and functions.

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4
Q

Evaluation of Wundt

A

+ Aspects of Wundt’s work are scientific; he recorded the introspections from within a controlled lab environment.
- Aspects of Wundt’s work are subjective; relied on people’s abilities to self-examine their inner processes, very subjective

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5
Q

Key features of SLT

A

Vicarious learning
Vicarious reinforcement (relating behaviour to consequences)
Mediational processes in learning
Identification with role models

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6
Q

What are the four mediational processes?

A

Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

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7
Q

Bandura procedure (1961)

A

Children watched either:
-Adult behaving aggressively to Bobo doll
-Adult behaving passively to Bobo doll

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8
Q

Bandura findings (1961)

A

Children copied adult behaviour

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9
Q

Bandura and Walters procedure (1963)

A

Children saw adult who was either _______ for being aggressive to Bobo doll:
-Rewarded
-Punished
-Shown no consequence

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10
Q

Bandura and Walters findings (1963)

A

Children who saw rewards were much more likely to copy behaviour

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11
Q

Evaluation of SLT (Emphasis)

A

+ SLT emphasises importance of cognitive factors; humans and animals store information about perceived behaviours in order to make judgements later on when in those scenarios.
- COUNTER: Research shows that observational learning is controlled by neurons in the brain, which suggests SLT might not put enough emphasis on biological factors

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12
Q

Evaluation of SLT (Real world application)

A

Explains how children learn gender roles through representation in the media

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13
Q

Key features of the cognitive approach

A

Study of mental processes
Inference of information
Schemas
Theoretical models e.g multi-store model
Computer models
Cognitive neuroscience

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14
Q

What are schemas?

A

Packages if information developed through experience that form a mental framework

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15
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

The study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes
CN found that the parahippocampal gyrus links to OCD

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16
Q

Evaluation of cognitive approach? (methodology)

A

+ Cognitive approach uses scientific and objective methods; lab studies to remove any extraneous variables when inferring cognitive processes
- COUNTER: Use of inference can make cognitive psychology too abstract and theoretical, also often uses artificial stimuli (such as word lists) so lacks mundane realism and has low external validity

17
Q

Evaluation of cognitive approach? (Real world application)

A

+ Cognitive behavioural therapy as a treatment for depression (also most common therapy)

18
Q

Key features of biological approach

A

All behaviour links to biological processes
“Mind” is part of the brain
Neurochemical basis of behaviour
Genetic basis of behaviour
Genotypes + Phenotypes
Theory of Evolution

19
Q

What is neurochemistry?

A

Chemical inside the brain, and what they do
e.g. underproduction of serotonin in OCD

20
Q

What does “genetic basis of behaviour” mean?

A

Psychological characteristics (eg Intelligence) are inherited
Twins studies showed higher similarity rates between identical twins than non-identical twins

21
Q

How does evolution tie in to the biological approach?

A

Any genetically determined behaviours that enhance chances of survival are passed down as the holders live to reproduce and pass them down

22
Q

Evaluation of biological approach (Real world application)

A

+ Drug therapy; SSRIs to treat depression and OCD
- COUNTER: Drug therapy doesn’t work for everybody, so brain chemistry alone must not be the only factor of these disorders

23
Q

Evaluation of biological approach (Methodology)

A

+ Uses scientific methodology, such as fMRI scans that are not in any way open to bias

Psychology (24 decks)

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