APPK 1.8 - Lymphatic & Immune Systems

Question 1

Define: path/patho

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Define: lymph

Answer 2

Clear fluid

Question 3

Name the types of lymphatic vessels from smallest to largest (3)

Answer 3

Lymphatic capillaries,
Lymphatic vessels,
Lymphatic trunks

Question 4

What are anchor filaments & where are they found?

Answer 4

Anchor filaments are little hair-like projections of lymphatic capillaries that create openings for fluid to enter the lymphatic system

Question 5

T/F: lymphatic vessels have valves, therefore lymph only flows in ONE direction

Answer 5

True!

Question 6

What is the Cisterna chyli?

Answer 6

A collecting well for lymph from the lower extremities, located at the base of the diaphragm

Question 7

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 7

• where the filtration of lymph occurs

- contains the body’s specialized immune cells; Lymphocytes (B-cells, T-cells, Macrophages)

Question 8

T/F: lymph nodes are randomly scattered around the body with NO regions having a higher concentration of them in a specific area.

Answer 8

False; there are 2 catchment areas for high concentration of lymph nodes…
Axilla (armpit) & Groin creases.

Question 9

The _____________ Duct returns fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body & the _________ Duct returns fluid from the remaining 3/4 of the body

Answer 9

Right Lymphatic Duct
&
Thoracic Duct

Question 10

What are the functions of the Lymphatic system? (3)

Answer 10

• Return fluid & protein to the blood
• Absorb & transport fats & soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) from the digestive system
• Immune responses via specialized lymphocytes (WBC) activity

Question 11

How can bodywork be beneficial to the lymphatic system?

Answer 11

• Aid movement of lymph & blood back to the heart (Swedish/circulatory massage)
• Manual lymphatic drainage (HIGHLY specialized modality) via light massage
• Manual therapists may be first people to encounter enlarged lymph nodes

Question 12

What is the function of the Immune system?

Answer 12

PROTECT & DEFEND body from foreign invaders; to distinguish from “self” & “non-self”

Question 13

What are the components of the Immune system?

Answer 13

• Lymphocytes; specialised WBCs (B-cells, T-cells)
• Thymus
• Lymph nodes; contain phagocytes & macrophages
• Spleen; giant lymph node (filters defective blood cells & stores an emergency blood supply)
• Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches (large intestine), etc.

Question 14

How many lines of non-specific defence does the body have?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

What is the specific/adaptive immune response?

Answer 15

Immune response developed through EXPOSURE to specific pathogens

Question 16

What are the 4 signs/symptoms of inflammation?

Answer 16

Redness,
Heat,
Swelling,
Pain

Question 17

The body’s _____________ includes: skin, gastric juices, saliva & mucus membranes

Answer 17

1st line of defence

Question 18

T/F: the body’s 2nd line of defence includes Natural Killer (NK) cells

Answer 18

False; NK cells are part of the 3rd line of defence.

2nd line of defence are the various bodily fluids that have antimicrobial substances that breakdown & attack pathogens

Question 19

T/F: T-cells & B-cells are both produced in red bone marrow

Answer 19

True; the difference is that B-cells also mature in bone marrow while T-cells mature in the Thymus gland

Question 20

What is artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 20

Immunization via vaccination

Question 21

How can massage be beneficial to the immune systems?

Answer 21

• can have a profound impact on health & healing & facilitate an individual’s healing process
  CAUTION: wait at least 72hrs after injury to begin bodywork
  CONTRAINDICATION: when a fever is present; whether it effects client or therapist presents symptoms

Question 22

Edema: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 22

Indicated; caution to use light pressure & work proximal > distal

Question 23

Lymph edema: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 23

Contraindicated; unless specifically trained

Question 24

HIV/AIDS: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 24

Indicated; caution to maintain stringent universal hygiene precautions

Question 25

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 25

Indicated; caution for only light, non-rigorous work

Question 26

Multiple Sclerosis: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 26

Indicated; caution for only light, non-demanding work

Question 27

Lymphoma: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 27

Indicated;

Question 28

Lupus: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 28

Contraindicated; most sufferers don’t seek treatment during acute flareups.
During remission caution to provide only light work