APPK 1.8 - Lymphatic & Immune Systems Flashcards
Define: path/patho
Disease
Define: lymph
Clear fluid
Name the types of lymphatic vessels from smallest to largest (3)
Lymphatic capillaries,
Lymphatic vessels,
Lymphatic trunks
What are anchor filaments & where are they found?
Anchor filaments are little hair-like projections of lymphatic capillaries that create openings for fluid to enter the lymphatic system
T/F: lymphatic vessels have valves, therefore lymph only flows in ONE direction
True!
What is the Cisterna chyli?
A collecting well for lymph from the lower extremities, located at the base of the diaphragm
What are the functions of lymph nodes?
- where the filtration of lymph occurs
- contains the body’s specialized immune cells; Lymphocytes (B-cells, T-cells, Macrophages)
T/F: lymph nodes are randomly scattered around the body with NO regions having a higher concentration of them in a specific area.
False; there are 2 catchment areas for high concentration of lymph nodes…
Axilla (armpit) & Groin creases.
The _____________ Duct returns fluid from the upper right quadrant of the body & the _________ Duct returns fluid from the remaining 3/4 of the body
Right Lymphatic Duct
&
Thoracic Duct
What are the functions of the Lymphatic system? (3)
- Return fluid & protein to the blood
- Absorb & transport fats & soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) from the digestive system
- Immune responses via specialized lymphocytes (WBC) activity
How can bodywork be beneficial to the lymphatic system?
- Aid movement of lymph & blood back to the heart (Swedish/circulatory massage)
- Manual lymphatic drainage (HIGHLY specialized modality) via light massage
- Manual therapists may be first people to encounter enlarged lymph nodes
What is the function of the Immune system?
PROTECT & DEFEND body from foreign invaders; to distinguish from “self” & “non-self”
What are the components of the Immune system?
- Lymphocytes; specialised WBCs (B-cells, T-cells)
- Thymus
- Lymph nodes; contain phagocytes & macrophages
- Spleen; giant lymph node (filters defective blood cells & stores an emergency blood supply)
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches (large intestine), etc.
How many lines of non-specific defence does the body have?
3
What is the specific/adaptive immune response?
Immune response developed through EXPOSURE to specific pathogens
What are the 4 signs/symptoms of inflammation?
Redness,
Heat,
Swelling,
Pain
The body’s _____________ includes: skin, gastric juices, saliva & mucus membranes
1st line of defence
T/F: the body’s 2nd line of defence includes Natural Killer (NK) cells
False; NK cells are part of the 3rd line of defence.
2nd line of defence are the various bodily fluids that have antimicrobial substances that breakdown & attack pathogens
T/F: T-cells & B-cells are both produced in red bone marrow
True; the difference is that B-cells also mature in bone marrow while T-cells mature in the Thymus gland
What is artificially acquired immunity?
Immunization via vaccination
How can massage be beneficial to the immune systems?
- can have a profound impact on health & healing & facilitate an individual’s healing process
CAUTION: wait at least 72hrs after injury to begin bodywork
CONTRAINDICATION: when a fever is present; whether it effects client or therapist presents symptoms
Edema: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to use light pressure & work proximal > distal
Lymph edema: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated; unless specifically trained
HIV/AIDS: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to maintain stringent universal hygiene precautions
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution for only light, non-rigorous work
Multiple Sclerosis: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution for only light, non-demanding work
Lymphoma: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated;
Lupus: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated; most sufferers don’t seek treatment during acute flareups.
During remission caution to provide only light work
