APPK 1.12 - Skeletal System Flashcards
Define: osteo/os
bone
Define: blast
germ/bud (juvenile/young)
Define: clast
break/destroy
Define: arth/arthro
joint
How many bones are in the adult body?
206
_________ skeleton is the trunk & ________ skeleton is the movable portion.
1) Axial
2) Appendicular
What are the 4 types of cells in bone tissue?
Osteogenic cells,
Osteoblasts,
Osteocytes,
Osteoclasts
What cells are “bone stem cells” & what do they do?
Osteogenic cells; they create new osteoblasts that make up the bone matrix
What cells are “bone builders” & what do they do?
Osetoblasts; they secrete collagen fibres that make up the framework of bone tissue
What cells are “mature bone cells” & what do they do?
Osteocytes; matured osteoblasts that are responsible for the exchange of nutrients/waste of bone tissue
What cells are “bone breakers” & what do they do?
Osteoclasts; large cells that secrete acids & enzymes to break down bone
What is compact bone?
Dense w/ hard matrix; forms shaft (diaphysis) of long bones & outer layers of ALL bones
What is spongey bone?
Lattice-like appearance; found in the ends (epiphyses) of long bones & flat bones. Reduces overall weight of bone & large spaces filled w/ red bone marrow
What are the types of bones? (5)
- Long (humerus)
- Short (carpals)
- Flat (sternum)
- Irregular (vertebrae)
- Sesamoid (patella)
__________: proximal & distal ends of a bone; primarily made of spongy bone & red bone marrow
Epiphysis (2)
__________: where the diaphysis meets the epiphyses; location of growth plate
Metaphysis (2)
__________: hollow space within diaphysis; filled w/ yellow bone marrow
Medullary cavity
__________: hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of each bone
Articular cartilage
____________: where bone growth occurs; calcifies in adults.
Epiphyseal plate/line
____________: outer layer of connective tissue surrounding bone; attachment site for ligaments & tendons
Periosteum
_________: inner membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
What are the 3 types of skeletal cartilage?
- Hyaline (articular)
- Elastic (ear, epiglottis)
- Fibro (intervertebral discs)
What is a joint? What component is the “lever” & which is the “fulcrum”?
Any junction of the skeleton where 2 bones meet
Bones = lever b/c they are rigid
Joints = fulcrum (where the movement happens!)
What are the classifications of joints? (3)
- Fibrous (little/no movement); joined via fibrous connective tissue
- Cartilaginous (slight/limited movement); joined via fibrocartilage pad
- Synovial (freely movable); joined via joint capsule & articular cartilage
What are the 4 common features of synovial joints?
- joint capsule
- articular cartilage
- synovial membranes & fluid that lubricate the joint cavity (friction free movement)
- ligaments (stabilisation)
What is the main difference between ligaments & tendons?
Ligaments attach BONE to BONE,
Tendons attach MUSCLE to BONE
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- Acts as a supportive framework for the body
- Protects vital organs
- Bones act as levers & joints as fulcrum points to allow movement of the body when our muscles contract
- Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow
- Stores calcium & other minerals w/in bone tissue matrix
What is the clinical connection between massage & the skeletal system?
- Bones & bony landmarks can be used to assess postural deviations
- Releasing muscle tension can help keep joints in proper alignment & keep them healthy
- Manipulating joints is NOT within the scope of bodyworkers
- Modifications should be made to pressure & modalities used for clients w/ decreased bone density
What are 3 postural deviations?
- Hyper kyphosis; overdeveloped thoracic curve
- Hyper lordosis; overdeveloped lumbar curve
- Scoliosis; lateral curve of the spine
What are the types of bone fractures?
- open fracture (broken bone protrudes out of skin)
- closed fracture (simple, no broken skin)
- green light fracture (common in children)
- comminuted fracture (complex, splinters of bone)
- stress fracture (microscopic, no damage to surrounding tissue)
- impacted fracture (broken bone driven into itself)
What is the difference between a sprain & a strain?
Sprain = ligament injury & generally seen as MORE serious Strain = muscle or tendon injury
Osteoporosis: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to adjust to lighter pressure/modalities
Bursitis: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated locally
Osteoarthritis: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; except during periods of acute inflammation
Rheumatoid arthritis: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to keep treatment gentle & soothing
Gout: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated; when acute
Sprains: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated locally; when acute
