APPK 1.13 - Muscular System

Question 1

Define: myo

Answer 1

muscle

Question 2

Define: sarco

Answer 2

flesh

Question 3

Define: mere

Answer 3

part

Question 4

T/F: There are over 700 skeletal muscles in the body

Answer 4

False; over 600

Question 5

___________ divides muscle fibre cells into bundles known as a __________.

Answer 5

1) Perimysium

2) Fasicle

Question 6

What is a tendon?

Answer 6

Extensions of muscle fascia (endomysium, perimysium & epimysium) that attach muscle to bone.

Question 7

What is the smallest contractile unit of the cell?

Answer 7

Sarcomere

Question 8

Define: myofibrils

Answer 8

Bundles of cylindrical organelles that extend the length of a muscle cell.

Question 9

What are the 2 main components of a sarcomere?

Answer 9

Actin = thin, movable filament
Mysoin = thick, immovable filament w/ projections that can attach & pull Actin when Ca++ (calcium ion) is present

Question 10

What is tonic contraction?

Answer 10

constant low grade tension; NO movement

Question 11

What is isotonic contraction? What are the 2 types?

Answer 11

strong contraction that CREATES movement
Concentric = angle decreases/muscle attachment sites get closer together
&
Eccentric = angle increases/muscles lengthen & attachment sites move farther apart

Question 12

What is isometric contraction?

Answer 12

high tension; much higher than tonic but still DOESN’T create movement (holds/planks/overhead carry)

Question 13

What are the 3 subclasses of parallel muscles?

Answer 13

• fusiform (biceps brachii)
• circular (orbicularis oris)
• triangular (pectoralis major)

Question 14

What are the 3 subclasses of pennate muscles?

Answer 14

• unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
• bipennate (rectus femoris)
• multipennate (gluteus maximus)

Question 15

What are some functions of muscle fascia?

Answer 15

• helps withstand multidirectional stresses
• allows for free movement of muscles by reducing friction between muscle layers
• fills space between muscles

Question 16

What are the 3 types of proprioceptors found in muscles? Where are they located?

Answer 16

Joint receptors = joint capsule & stabilizing ligaments
Muscle spindles = muscle fibre cells
Golgi tendon organs = tendons

Question 17

What do joint receptors monitor?

Answer 17

joint tension, pressure & movement

Question 18

What do muscle spindles monitor?

Answer 18

muscle length

Question 19

What do golgi tendon organs monitor?

Answer 19

tension in tendons during muscle contraction

Question 20

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 20

• maintain posture & fight gravity!!
• muscle contractions allows body to move
• muscle contractions generate heat & can help regulate body temperature
• helps stabilize joints

Question 21

How can bodywork be beneficial to the muscular system?

Answer 21

• relieve muscle pain
• decrease fascial adhesions
• enhance muscle & joint function
• improve skin & body tone
• relieve fatigue
• increase local circulation
• slow heart rate

Question 22

Spasms/Cramps: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 22

Indicated; caution to watch for splinting

Question 23

Strains/Sprains: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 23

Locally contraindicated; caution to keep work gentle & supportive during acute stage

Question 24

Fibromyalgia: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 24

Indicated; caution to keep work light & gentle

Question 25

Plantar Fasciitis: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 25

Indicated; caution to be aware/curious about if client is receiving cortisone shots

Question 26

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 26

Indicated

Question 27

Shin Splints: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?

Answer 27

Indicated; caution if inflammation is intense & client has been dealing with it for an extended period.
Could be signalling compartment syndrome which needs immediate medical attention!