APPK 1.13 - Muscular System Flashcards
Define: myo
muscle
Define: sarco
flesh
Define: mere
part
T/F: There are over 700 skeletal muscles in the body
False; over 600
___________ divides muscle fibre cells into bundles known as a __________.
1) Perimysium
2) Fasicle
What is a tendon?
Extensions of muscle fascia (endomysium, perimysium & epimysium) that attach muscle to bone.
What is the smallest contractile unit of the cell?
Sarcomere
Define: myofibrils
Bundles of cylindrical organelles that extend the length of a muscle cell.
What are the 2 main components of a sarcomere?
Actin = thin, movable filament Mysoin = thick, immovable filament w/ projections that can attach & pull Actin when Ca++ (calcium ion) is present
What is tonic contraction?
constant low grade tension; NO movement
What is isotonic contraction? What are the 2 types?
strong contraction that CREATES movement
Concentric = angle decreases/muscle attachment sites get closer together
&
Eccentric = angle increases/muscles lengthen & attachment sites move farther apart
What is isometric contraction?
high tension; much higher than tonic but still DOESN’T create movement (holds/planks/overhead carry)
What are the 3 subclasses of parallel muscles?
- fusiform (biceps brachii)
- circular (orbicularis oris)
- triangular (pectoralis major)
What are the 3 subclasses of pennate muscles?
- unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
- bipennate (rectus femoris)
- multipennate (gluteus maximus)
What are some functions of muscle fascia?
- helps withstand multidirectional stresses
- allows for free movement of muscles by reducing friction between muscle layers
- fills space between muscles
What are the 3 types of proprioceptors found in muscles? Where are they located?
Joint receptors = joint capsule & stabilizing ligaments
Muscle spindles = muscle fibre cells
Golgi tendon organs = tendons
What do joint receptors monitor?
joint tension, pressure & movement
What do muscle spindles monitor?
muscle length
What do golgi tendon organs monitor?
tension in tendons during muscle contraction
What are the functions of the muscular system?
- maintain posture & fight gravity!!
- muscle contractions allows body to move
- muscle contractions generate heat & can help regulate body temperature
- helps stabilize joints
How can bodywork be beneficial to the muscular system?
- relieve muscle pain
- decrease fascial adhesions
- enhance muscle & joint function
- improve skin & body tone
- relieve fatigue
- increase local circulation
- slow heart rate
Spasms/Cramps: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to watch for splinting
Strains/Sprains: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Locally contraindicated; caution to keep work gentle & supportive during acute stage
Fibromyalgia: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to keep work light & gentle
Plantar Fasciitis: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to be aware/curious about if client is receiving cortisone shots
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated
Shin Splints: Indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution if inflammation is intense & client has been dealing with it for an extended period.
Could be signalling compartment syndrome which needs immediate medical attention!
