APPK 1.5 - Nervous System Flashcards
The Nervous system is the _____________ of the body.
Main regulatory system
Define: neur/neuro
nerve/nervous system
Define: algia
pain/painful condition
Define: dys
painful/difficult/bad
Define: glyco/glycol
sugar
What are the 3 main components of a neuron (nerve cell)?
Cell body (contains nucleus),
Dendrites (“receives” inputs),
Axon (conducts nerve impulses towards other neurons/muscles/glands; “sends” outputs to effectors)
Define: a nerve
A bundle of neurons
T/F: There are 30 pairs of spinal nerves.
False; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves
T/F: There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and are numbered with roman numerals.
True; “cranial nerve 10” doesn’t exist but “cranial nerve X” does :)
What is the difference between Afferent & Efferent neuronal pathways (nerve impulses)?
Afferent = impulses going TO spinal cord or brain Efferent = impulses directed AWAY from brain or spinal cord
What is Cranial Nerve VII? What is Cranial Nerve X?
CNVII = Facial nerve, CNX = Vagus nerve
What does BBB & CSF stand for?
BBB = Blood Brain Barrier CSF = Cerebrospinal Fluid
T/F: there are 3 layers of the Meninges that encircle the brain & spinal cord
True
What main components make up the Central Nervous system (CNS)?
Brain (brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebrum) & Spinal cord
T/F: The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.
False; the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
Subdivisions of the Autonomic nervous system:
________________ = fight or flight
&
________________ = rest & digest
Sympathetic
&
Parasympathetic
What does PNS stand for?
Peripheral Nervous system
Subdivisions of the Peripheral nervous system (PNS):
________________ = voluntary
&
________________ = involuntary
Somatic (related to/affecting the body)
&
Autonomic
What does the Somatic division of the PNS control?
- Innervates skeletal muscle
- Main sense receptors
- Reception for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature & pain (nociceptors)
- Proprioception (awareness of the body’s position & movements)
- Special senses (smell, taste, sight, hearing & equilibrium)
What function of the Somatic division (PNS) are these related to?
Muscle spindle, tendon organs & joint kinesthetic receptors
Proprioception
Muscle spindle = measures muscle length
Tendon organs = measures muscle tension
Joint kinesthetic receptors = joint position & movement
Generally speaking, what does the Autonomic division (PNS) control?
- Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscles & glands
- Subconscious responses regulated by the hypothalamus (mastermind!) & brain stem
What happens in the body when the sympathetic nervous system is activated?
- vision sharpens
- heart rate increases
- increase in breathing rate
- digestion is inhibited
- increased glucose levels
- excretion process is stopped (bowels & bladder)
- adrenaline is released
- dilation of blood vessel in large skeletal muscles (more blood pumped into powerful muscles)
What happens in the body when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?
- vision returns to normal
- heart rate returns to normal & is maintained
- breathing rate returns to normal & is maintained
- normal digestion returns
- voiding of bowels & bladder resumes
- maintains normal homeostatic levels of metabolism (blood sugar returns to normal)
What are the overall functions of the Nervous system as a whole?
Sensory function; detects different stimuli as they interact with the body (internal & external)
Integrative function; integrating sensory information, analyzing it & making decisions for an appropriate response
- Motor function; muscular contractions & glandular secretions (motor neurons are Efferent!)
______________ is the concept that pain signals move to the CNS slower than touch sensations & that the faster touch impulses can block pain impulses which then decreases the sensation of pain experienced.
Gate Control Theory
What is difference between Pain Threshold & Pain Tolerance?
Pain threshold = amount of stimulus needed to register as pain
Pain tolerance = amount of pain an individual can withstand
Define: analgesia
decreased sensation of pain
Define: paresthesia
pins-and-needles sensation
Define: referred pain
pain occurring in a separate region than the affected area
What is the main benefit of massage for the nervous system?
Quieting the sympathetic nervous system through touch and inviting the parasympathetic nervous system to activate (stress relief).
Multiple Sclerosis (MS): indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to watch pressure & pace of massage, be ready to adjust.
Meningitis: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated
Bell Palsy: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated
Stroke: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; cautioned and potentially contraindicated if other cardiovascular issues are present
Herpes Zoster: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Contraindicated
Fibromyalgia: indicated or contraindicated? Cautions?
Indicated; caution to remain light & gentle in treatment, nothing too taxing for client.
