appendicular skeleton

Question 1

how many bones are in appendicular skeleton and what are they made up of

Answer 1

126 bones
made up of the bones of the upper & lower limbs plus girdles that connect them

Including pectoral and pelvic girdles

Question 2

name the structures included in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Pectoral (shoulder) girdles

Upper limbs

Pelvic (hip) girdle

Lower limbs

Question 3

what does the pectoral gridle do

Answer 3

Attaches bones of upper limbs to axial skeleton

Question 4

name some examples of the pectoral gridle

Answer 4

Right & left clavicle/collar bone

& scapula/shoulder blade

Question 5

name the 3 upper limbs

Answer 5

humerus

ulna

radius

Question 6

explain the upper limb - humerus

Answer 6

upper arm bone (strong),and is proximal position

• Articulates with scapula at shoulder
• Articulates with radius & ulna at elbow

Question 7

explain the upper limb - ulna

Answer 7

medial bone (closer to body), distal to humeral

Question 8

explain the upper limb - radius

Answer 8

lateral bone (thumb side when stood in anatomical position ), distal to humerus

Question 9

explain the bones in the wrist

Answer 9

Carpus (wrist) -8 bones, cuboid shaped, attach with
Metacarpals

Question 10

explain the metacarpals in the hand

Answer 10

5 bones of hand To which the phalanges are attached:

• Number 1-5 starting with thumb.
• Phalanges- 14 bones of fingers on each hand
• Numbered like metacarpals
• each finger except the thumb has 3: proximal, medial & distal phalanges
• Thumb has only 2 :proximal & distal

Question 11

the pelvic gridle includes what 2 bones

Answer 11

two hip bones

• Joined in front at pubic symphysis
• At back- attached to sacrum = sacroiliac join

Question 12

whats the Pelvic (hip) bones also called

Answer 12

coxal bones

Question 13

the pelvic gridle is an important point of attachment for what

Answer 13

limbs

Question 14

explain the difference in pelvis between genders

Answer 14

The shape of the pelvis shows distinct gender differences.

In general the female pelvis is:
Lighter
Shallower
Wider
pelvic outlet is larger
oval rather than heart shaped.

There are also gender differences in the shape of the sacrum: in the female it is wider and shorter, to facilitate giving birth

Question 15

name the 4 lower limb bones

Answer 15

femur
patella
tibia
fibula

Question 16

whats the difference in the lower libs compared to the upper

Answer 16

Larger, heavier and longer than in upper limbs

Question 17

explain the lower limb - femur

Answer 17

thigh bone (largest and heaviest)

• Articulates with hip proximally and
• the tibia and fibula distally

Question 18

explain the lower limb - tibia

Answer 18

large medial, weight bearing bone of leg (shin bone) (takes most of weight of upper body when standing, so strong)

Question 19

explain the lower limb - patella

Answer 19

kneecap in front of knee joint

Question 20

explain the lower limb - fibula

Answer 20

lateral to tibia and smaller

Question 21

what is found between the fibula and tibia in the lower limb and why

Answer 21

a fibrous and connective sheath, for connecting and stabilising the bones.

Its also present in the bones of the lower arm too

Question 22

explain the ankle bones

Answer 22

Tarsus (ankle) has 7 bones

• Large talus (ankle bone) and
• Calcaneus (heel bone)

Question 23

name and explain the foot bones

Answer 23

Metatarsals (foot bones) – often broken by footballers
- Numbered from medial to lateral (big toe to small toe)

Phalanges (toe bones)
- Big toe has proximal and distal phalanges (2 bones) while others have proximal, medial and distal phalanges (3 bones) . Numbered like metatarsals (in the hand, just diff appearances and sizes)

Question 24

describe some differences in male and female skeleton

Answer 24

Males usually have heavier and longer bones
- Related to muscle size & strength

Female pelvis is wider and shallower than the males - allows for childbirth