APES Unit 5 - Forestry

Question 1

What are forest benefits?

Answer 1

filters air pollution, removal and storage of CO2 from atmosphere

Question 2

Old growth forest

Answer 2

uncut, preserved for several hundred years

Question 3

second growth forest

Answer 3

secondary growth, new trees that have sprouted to partial maturity after old-growth timber has been cut

Question 4

tree farms/plantations

Answer 4

privately owned forest managed for timber production

Question 5

Even-aged management

Answer 5

1 or 2 types of trees all of the same age

Question 6

uneven aged mangament

Answer 6

variety, natural regeneration, similar to a natural forest

Question 7

selective cutting

Answer 7

cut in small groups or singly, encourages growth of young trees

Question 8

shelter wood cutting

Answer 8

small numbers of mature trees are left in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow

Question 9

seed-tree cutting

Answer 9

small numbers of mature seed-producing trees are left standing to reseed the logged area

Question 10

clear-cutting

Answer 10

removes all trees

Question 11

strip cutting

Answer 11

cut a strip and allow for regeneration then cut another strip

Question 12

Soil Erosion

Answer 12

an effect of clear cutting - caused by loss of stabilizing root structure, removes soil organic matter and nutrients from forest, deposits sediments in local streams

Question 13

Increased soil and stream temp

Answer 13

an effect of clear cutting - loss of tree shade increases soil temperature, loss of tree shade along rivers and streams warms them

Question 14

flooding and landslides

Answer 14

an effect of clear cutting - logging machinery compacts soil, increased sunlight dries out soil, loss of root structure = erosion of topsoil and O horizon

Question 15

Deforestation consequences

Answer 15

reduces air filtering and carbon storing services, cutting trees down releases CO2 from decomposition of leftover organic material

Question 16

slash and burn

Answer 16

method of clearing land for agriculture by cutting trees and burning them releases CO2, N2O, and water vapor into the atmosphere

Question 17

tree plantations

Answer 17

areas where the same tree species are repeatedly planted, grown, and harvested

Question 18

controlled burns

Answer 18

small surface fires are allowed

Question 19

prevention

Answer 19

burning permits, close parts of the forest during droughts, education

Question 20

surface fires

Answer 20

burn only undergrowth - releases mineral nutrients, increase nitrogen - fixing bacteria, simulate germination of seeds, control insects

Question 21

Crown fires

Answer 21

start on the ground but end up burning whole trees - leep from tree top to tree top, usually in forests with no recent surface fires, destroys most vegetation, kills wildlife, increases soil erosion, damages human structures