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Semester 1 > APES Unit 2: Weather and Climate > Flashcards

APES Unit 2: Weather and Climate Flashcards

1
Q

Weather

A

short term atmospheric conditions (hours or days)

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2
Q

Warm front

A

warm air rises over cold dense air - moisture forms layers or clouds

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3
Q

Cold front

A

cold air is denser - stays close to the ground - high surface winds and thunderstorms produced

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4
Q

Climate

A

long term atmospheric conditions

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5
Q

what is climate determined by?

A

uneven heating of the earth’s surface - location relative to the equator

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6
Q

Insolation

A

the amount of solar radiation (energy from the sun’s rays) reaching an area

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7
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

as the earth rotates heated air masses rising above the equator and moving north and south to cooler areas are deflected to the west or east

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8
Q

Sea breeze

A

cool breeze off the water - wind will blow from high pressure over water, to low pressure over the land

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9
Q

Land breeze

A

cool winds blow off shore - air over the ocean is now warmer than over land

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10
Q

Hadley Cells

A

air rises near the equator and flows north or south and sinks again near a latitude of 30 degrees in both hemispheres

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11
Q

Westerlies

A

winds coming from the west

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12
Q

easterlies

A

winds coming from the east

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13
Q

jet stream

A

occurs at boundaries of these winds, horizontal river of fast moving air high in the atmosphere

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14
Q

trade winds

A

air movements towards the equator

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15
Q

prevailing westerlies

A

between 30 and 60 degrees latitude - winds that move towards the poles - curve to the east

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16
Q

polar easterlies

A

60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres, prevailing westerlies join with polar easterlies to reduce upward motion

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17
Q

Doldrums

A

trade winds coming from the south and north meet at the equator

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18
Q

Gyers

A

long ocean circular patterns due to global wind

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19
Q

upwelling zones

A

areas of ocean winds blow warm surface water away from a land mass, drawing up colder, deeper water to replace it

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20
Q

cold ocean currents

A

large masses of cold water that move towards the equator, from high altitude to low altitude.

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21
Q

warm ocean currents

A

warm water moves further from the equator at higher temperatures

22
Q

Thermohaline Circulation

A

connects all of the world’s oceans, mixing salt, nutrients, and temperature throughout

23
Q

El Nino

A

occurs due to changes in the normal patterns of trade wind circulation

24
Q

core

A

dense mass of solid nickel, iron, and radioactive elements that release massive amount of heat

25
Q

mantle

A

liquid layer of magma surrounding core, kept liquefied by intense heat from core

26
Q

asthenosphere

A

solid, flexible outer layer of rock floating on top of a mantle

27
Q

lithosphere

A

thin, brittle layer of rock floating on top of mantle

28
Q

crust

A

very outer layer of the lithosphere, earth’s surface

29
Q

divergent boundary

A

new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other

30
Q

ocean-ocean divergent

A

as plates made of oceanic crust pull apart, a crack in the ocean floor appears, then magma oozes up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates
Ex: mid-atlantic ridge

31
Q

continental-continental divergent

A

when 2 continental plates diverge, a valley like rift opens, as crust widens and things, valleys from in and around the area, as do volcanoes, which May become increasingly active

32
Q

ocean-continental convergent boundary

A

the thinner and more dense oceanic plate is overridden by the thicker and less dense continental plate

33
Q

subduction zone

A

oceanic plate sinks at a steep angle, and a volcanic arc grows above the subducting plate

34
Q

oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary

A

the older plate subducts under the other plate, that is heated as it is forced deeper into the mantle and begins to melt

35
Q

continental-continental convergent boundary

A

2 thick continental plates collide-no subduction

36
Q

continental-continental convergent boundaries can create what?

A

mountain ranges and earthquakes

37
Q

what do continental-continental divergent boundaries make?

A

rift valleys

38
Q

what do oceanic-oceanic divergent boundaries make?

A

mid-ocean ridges

39
Q

what do oceanic-continental convergent boundaries create?

A

volcanoes

40
Q

what do oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries create?

A

volcanoes

41
Q

transform boundaries

A

two plates slide past one another

42
Q

what does transform boundaries create?

A

earthquakes

43
Q

tsunamis

A

series of waves with extremely long wavelengths that occurs when there is a sudden disturbance to the ocean, earthquakes, landslide, volcanic activity, found in Peru

44
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

closest to the equator, heavy rainfall, low pressure, highest biodiversity, soils are acidic and nutrient poor

45
Q

Tundra

A

found around arctic circle in northern hemisphere, coldest and driest, covers 1/5 of land on earth, permafrost, found in Canada.

46
Q

Grassland

A

found on every continent expect Antarctica, enough rainfall to support grass and plants, fertile soil, occurs in interiors of continents, Witchita, US

47
Q

Taiga

A

made up of coniferous forests and is the largest of all the land biomes, located in the northern parts of the world throughout Canada, Asia, and parts of Europe, winters are very cold, soil is poor, Russia

48
Q

Desert

A

extremely hot and dry, found between 15 to 43 degrees N and S, interior of continents, Saudi Arabia

49
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest

A

climate has 4 seasons, occurs in mid-latitude, denser woods than coniferous trees, Greesnboro, US

50
Q

Order of biomes closest to the equator

A
  1. Tropical Rainforest
  2. Desert
  3. Grassland
  4. Temperate Deciduous Forest
  5. Taiga
  6. Tundra
51
Q
A

Semester 1 (13 decks)

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