AP TEST unit 7 motivations, emotions, stress Flashcards

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1
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal

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2
Q

drive reduction theory

A

Physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (food –> hunger –> eating)

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3
Q

incentive theory

A

Where our needs (drives) push, incentives (positive of negative stimuli) pull us in reducing out drives

a food deprived person (need) who smells baking bread (incentive) feels strong hunger drive

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4
Q

arousal theory

A

Human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal (sress) but to seek optimum levels of it

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5
Q

yerkes-dodson law

A

predicts that there is a relationship between the difficulty of a task, our level of arousal, and the eventual outcome
For easy tasks = higher levels of arousal
For difficult tasks = low levels

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6
Q

Hierachy of Motives

A

physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization

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7
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

depresses hunger

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8
Q

Lateral hypothalamua

A

brings on hunger

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9
Q

ghrelin

A

increases hunger

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10
Q

set point theory

A

Manipulating lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus alters the body’s “weight thermostat” (predetermined weight)
If weight is lost – food intake increases and energy expenditure decreases
If weight is gained – the opposite takes place

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11
Q

james-lange theory emotion

A

how you react; proposes that we react to the change in the body we feel (autonomic nervous system triggers something like the sight of an oncoming car, triggering pounding heart)

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12
Q

cannon bard theory

A

pshysiological activity and emotions/feelings happen simultaneously (sight of oncoming car —> pounding heart + fear)

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13
Q

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

A

Physiology + our cognitions (thoughts) = emotions

sight of oncoming car → pounding heart + thinking about it ( cognitive label = “i’m afraid”) → fear

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14
Q

arousal and performance

A

We perform better under moderate arousal however optimal performance varies with task difficulty
Less difficult = need more arousal
More difficult = need less arousal

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15
Q

stress

A

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called (stressors), that we appraise as threatening or challenging

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16
Q

adaptive stress

A

in a fearful situation we can run away and save our lives

17
Q

maladaptive stress

A

if stress is prolonged it increases risk of illness and health

18
Q

fight or flight response

A

marked by outpour of epinephrine and norepinephrine from inner adrenal glands increasing heart and respiration rates, mobilizing sugar and fat, dulling pain

19
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

selye; Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

20
Q

approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance

A
21
Q

instrumental agression

A

aggressive behavior meant to achieve a specific goal