AP PSYCH EXPERIMENTS/STUDIES Flashcards
milgram experiment
humans obey other people who are in a position of authority; shock generator, 65% administered strongest shock just because person told them it was ok
harlow’s attachment studies
creation of mother surrogates to determine value of contact comfort and nursing, contact comfort important
pavlov’s dogs
rang bell signifying to dogs that they would be fed, dogs associated food with bell
skinner’s operant chambers/box
studied behaviorism and operant conditioning ny measuring how rats responded when they were in box and lever administered food; behavior reinforced by postive/negative reinforcement
stanford prison experiment
zimbardo stimulated prison environment to observe people randomly assigned as prisoner or guard; participants change behavior by conforming to expectations of their role
piaget’s stages of cognitive development
examined object permanence development by using unstructured evaluation methods on infants; observations strengthened creation of four stages of cognitive development
asch’s conformity study
how will a person react when put against an opposing opinion of a larger society; comparing length of various lines in a group setting; 75% of people willing to give up opinions to fit in with crowd at least once
bandura’s social learning experiments
to determine if viewing aggressive behavior from a male or female model would provoke aggressive behavior from the child; bobo doll; found viewing an aggressive model evoked an aggressive behavior
loftus false memories
if eyewitness are asked questions containing false presuppositions about witnessed events, new false info may be incorporated into witness’ memory
gazzaniga’s split brainreasrach
studied ability for brain to function independently, if two halves of brain have seperate abilities; two halves of brain have ability to function independently
seligman’s learned helpnesses study
seligman and mater placed dogs into escape group, harness controlled, or no escape group; no escape group had no control over administered shock, escape group could stop it; dogs in escape group learned to stop shock, other dogs gave up
watson and rayner little albert experiment
watson conditioned fear response into infant albert B by pairing a rat with frightening noise and presenting rat/other animals without noise; found emotional behaviors can be conditioned through simple stimulus response techniques
wolpoe’s study on systematic desensitization
in order to treat phobia, one must experience response inhibitor to fear; 91% of people overcame fear
darley’s bystander effect
college students brought into a room to converse, one had a scripted nervous seizure to see if bystanders would help; the more bystanders present, less likely someone would help
rosenthal and Jacobson pygmalion effect (self fulfilling prophecy)
students given nonverbal intelligence test then randomly assigned to an above average, average, or below average group; students placed in above average classroom showed greater IQ
