AP psychology chapter 8

Question 1

Francis Galton

Answer 1

A pioneer of the study of human intelligence.

Question 2

Standardized test

Answer 2

The test is piloted on a similar population to the actual test-takers and achievement norms have been established.

Question 3

Psychometrician

Answer 3

Someone who makes tests.

Question 4

3 ways to measure reliability

Answer 4

Split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, Equivalent form reliability.

Question 5

Split-half reliability

Answer 5

Randomly dividing a test into two halves, then correlating people’s performance, The closer the correlation coefficient is to +1, the more reliable.

Question 6

Test-retest reliability

Answer 6

Comparing scores between multiple submissions of the same test.

Question 7

Equivalent form reliability

Answer 7

The correlation between performance on different forms of the test.

Question 8

3 types of validity

Answer 8

Face validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity.

Question 9

Face validity

Answer 9

A shallow measure of accuracy.

Question 10

Criterion-related validity

Answer 10

2 types: concurrent validity and predictive validity.

Question 11

Concurrent validity

Answer 11

Measures the amount of an ability someone currently has.

Question 12

Predictive validity

Answer 12

Measure of future performance.

Question 13

Construct validity

Answer 13

How well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate, most meaningful kind of validity.

Question 14

Aptitude test

Answer 14

Measure ability and potential.

Question 15

Achievement test

Answer 15

Measure what has been learned/accomplished.

Question 16

Speed tests

Answer 16

Consists of many questions asked in a short and insufficient amount of time.

Question 17

Power tests

Answer 17

Consists of problems with increasing difficulty.

Question 18

Intelligence

Answer 18

Our ability to gather and use info in productive ways.

Question 19

Fluid intelligence

Answer 19

Refers to our ability to solve abstract problems and learn new things. Decreases with age.

Question 20

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 20

Refers to use of accumulated knowledge, will hold steady or increase with age.

Question 21

Charles Spearman

Answer 21

Believed intelligence could be described by a single factor. Used factor analysis to find the correlation between different skills, s, that people see as types of intelligence. He named this correlation g, which he believes can measure intelligence.

Question 22

Howard Gardner

Answer 22

Believed in multiple intelligences. Includes linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial. Also includes music intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist.

Question 23

Bodily-kinesthetic

Answer 23

Mind to body awareness, such as athlete, dancer, hunter.

Question 24

Intrapersonal

Answer 24

Ability to understand oneself and one’s own capabilities.

Question 25

Interpersonal

Answer 25

Ability to get along with and be sensitive to others.

Question 26

Naturalist

Answer 26

Ability to organize and recognize natural things.

Question 27

Daniel Goleman

Answer 27

One of the main contributors to the concept of emotional intelligence. Argued both EQ and IQ are needed for success.

Question 28

Robert Stemberg

Answer 28

Proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence.

Question 29

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 29

3 intelligences: componential/analytic intelligence (book smarts), experimental/creative intelligence (divergent thinking), and contextual/practical intelligence (street smarts).

Question 30

Alfred Binet

Answer 30

Came up with the concept of mental age.

Question 31

Louis Terman

Answer 31

Used Binet's system to create IQ (intelligence quotient) and the Stanford-Binet IQ test.

Question 32

Stanford-Binet IQ test

Answer 32

IQ is determined by (mental age/actual age) x100. All adults are assigned an age of 20.

Question 33

David Wechsler

Answer 33

Used 3 different IQ tests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC, for 6-16 y olds), and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI, for kids as young as 4).

Question 34

Stanford-Binet vs David Wechsler

Answer 34

Stanford Binet yields a single IQ score, Wechsler tests yield results on multiple subscales.

Question 35

Heritability

Answer 35

A measure of how much of a trait's variation is due to genetics, can range from 0-1, 0 where environment is entirely responsible and 1 for all genetics.

Question 36

Flynn effect

Answer 36

The rise in performance on IQ tests throughout the century, probably due to nurture.