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Psychology > AP psychology chapter 8 > Flashcards

AP psychology chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Francis Galton

A

A pioneer of the study of human intelligence.

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2
Q

Standardized test

A

The test is piloted on a similar population to the actual test-takers and achievement norms have been established.

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3
Q

Psychometrician

A

Someone who makes tests.

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4
Q

3 ways to measure reliability

A

Split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, Equivalent form reliability.

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5
Q

Split-half reliability

A

Randomly dividing a test into two halves, then correlating people’s performance, The closer the correlation coefficient is to +1, the more reliable.

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6
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Comparing scores between multiple submissions of the same test.

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7
Q

Equivalent form reliability

A

The correlation between performance on different forms of the test.

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8
Q

3 types of validity

A

Face validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity.

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9
Q

Face validity

A

A shallow measure of accuracy.

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10
Q

Criterion-related validity

A

2 types: concurrent validity and predictive validity.

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11
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Measures the amount of an ability someone currently has.

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12
Q

Predictive validity

A

Measure of future performance.

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13
Q

Construct validity

A

How well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate, most meaningful kind of validity.

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14
Q

Aptitude test

A

Measure ability and potential.

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15
Q

Achievement test

A

Measure what has been learned/accomplished.

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16
Q

Speed tests

A

Consists of many questions asked in a short and insufficient amount of time.

17
Q

Power tests

A

Consists of problems with increasing difficulty.

18
Q

Intelligence

A

Our ability to gather and use info in productive ways.

19
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Refers to our ability to solve abstract problems and learn new things. Decreases with age.

20
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Refers to use of accumulated knowledge, will hold steady or increase with age.

21
Q

Charles Spearman

A

Believed intelligence could be described by a single factor. Used factor analysis to find the correlation between different skills, s, that people see as types of intelligence. He named this correlation g, which he believes can measure intelligence.

22
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Believed in multiple intelligences. Includes linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial. Also includes music intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist.

23
Q

Bodily-kinesthetic

A

Mind to body awareness, such as athlete, dancer, hunter.

24
Q

Intrapersonal

A

Ability to understand oneself and one’s own capabilities.

25
Q

Interpersonal

A

Ability to get along with and be sensitive to others.

26
Q

Naturalist

A

Ability to organize and recognize natural things.

27
Q

Daniel Goleman

A

One of the main contributors to the concept of emotional intelligence. Argued both EQ and IQ are needed for success.

28
Q

Robert Stemberg

A

Proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence.

29
Q

Triarchic theory of intelligence

A

3 intelligences: componential/analytic intelligence (book smarts), experimental/creative intelligence (divergent thinking), and contextual/practical intelligence (street smarts).

30
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Came up with the concept of mental age.

31
Q

Louis Terman

A

Used Binet’s system to create IQ (intelligence quotient) and the Stanford-Binet IQ test.

32
Q

Stanford-Binet IQ test

A

IQ is determined by (mental age/actual age) x100. All adults are assigned an age of 20.

33
Q

David Wechsler

A

Used 3 different IQ tests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC, for 6-16 y olds), and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI, for kids as young as 4).

34
Q

Stanford-Binet vs David Wechsler

A

Stanford Binet yields a single IQ score, Wechsler tests yield results on multiple subscales.

35
Q

Heritability

A

A measure of how much of a trait’s variation is due to genetics, can range from 0-1, 0 where environment is entirely responsible and 1 for all genetics.

36
Q

Flynn effect

A

The rise in performance on IQ tests throughout the century, probably due to nurture.

Psychology (12 decks)

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