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AP psychology chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Insanity

A

A legal term to determine if someone can be held completely responsible for their crimes.

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2
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

A

A book psychologists use to determine if a patient has a psychological disorder. Contains only the symptoms of all current psych disorders.

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3
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.

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4
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of open and public spaces.

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5
Q

Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

A

Fear of a situation where one could potentially embarrass oneself.

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6
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Constant low-level anxiety.

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7
Q

Panic disorder

A

Spontaneous, unwarranted,d and unprovoked panic attacks.

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8
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

Renamed to somatic symptoms and related disorders by DSM-5.

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9
Q

Somatic symptom disorders

A

When a person experiences a severe physical problem with no biological explanation.

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10
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A type of somatic symptom disorder. The patient experiences legitimate severe physical problems, such as blindness, with no identifiable biological explanation.

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11
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Used to fall under somatic disorders before DSM became DSM-5. Is the same as conversion disorder.

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12
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Disruption in conscious processes.

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13
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Can’t remember things for no identifiable physiological reason.

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14
Q

Organic amnesia

A

Biologically induced dissociative amnesia.

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15
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) aka Multiple personality disorder

A

Split/multiple personalities, commonly related to childhood trauma/sexual abuse.

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16
Q

Causes of DID

A

Psychoanalysts believe that it’s caused because the trauma is so repressed it splits the consciousness. Behaviorists believe that not thinking of the trauma is rewarding.

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17
Q

Psychogenic amnesia

A

Basically the same thing as dissociative amnesia, often triggered by traumatic events and involves loss of autobiographical memories, such as identity.

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18
Q

Depressive disorders

A

A kind of mood/affective disorder, which results in extreme and inappropriate emotions.

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19
Q

Major depressive disorder, aka unipolar depression

A

Most common mood disorder. People who are clinically depressed are unhappy for 2+ weeks at a time for no apparent reason.

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20
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

In which some people have depression only during certain times of the year (usually because of less sun).

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21
Q

Causes of SAD

A

Psychoanalysts believe depression is a product of anger directed inward, loss during early psychosexual stages, or an overly punitive superego. Behaviorists view the mood disorder as reinforcement for attention and sympathy. Cognitive psychologists believe depression comes from pessimistic attributes (internal, global, and stable attributes for bad events).

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22
Q

Aaron Beck

A

A cognitive theorist who came up with the cognitive triad.

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23
Q

Cognitive triad

A

Depression comes from unreasonably negative ideas about the person, the world, and the future.

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24
Q

Martin Seligman

A

A social cognitive theorist, proposed the idea of learned helplessness.

25
Learned helplessness
When past experiences lead the individual to believe they are helpless and powerless to control/improve their current situation.
26
Biological components of depression
BPD = more acetylcholine receptors, depression = low levels of norepinephrine.
27
BPD
Formerly manic depression, mania + depression. Mania results in risky and poorly thought-out behavior, as well as high energy, irritability, and confidence.
28
Schizophrenic disorders
One of the most severe mental illnesses, usually begins in young adulthood, breaks from reality, NO split personality, involves delusions, hallucinations, disorganized language, and/or unusual motor behavior.
29
2 types of delusions
Delusions of persecution and delusions of grandeur.
30
Delusions of persecution
Believing that people are out to get you.
31
Delusions of grandeur
Believing that you enjoy greater power/influence than in real life.
32
Hallucinations
Perceptions without sensory stimulation.
33
Neologisms
New, nonsensical words, which schizophrenics might make.
34
Clang association
Stringing together rhyming, nonsensical words, a symptom of schizophrenia.
35
Inappropriate affect
Inappropriate emotional responses that don't match up with the situation or expressed thoughts/wishes.
36
Flat affect
Consistent absence of emotional response.
37
Catatonia
A motor problem. Patients may remain motionless in strange and awkward positions for a long time and have quick jerky movements for no reason. Often evidences waxy flexibility.
38
Waxy flexibility
When a patient allows their body to be moved into another position and remains that way.
39
2 types of schizophrenia
Positive symptoms (excess in behavior, thought, mood, etc, such as neologisms and hallucinations) and negative symptoms (deficits like flat affect and catatonia).
40
Dopamine hypothesis
The most popular theory about the cause of schizophrenia, which associates it with high dopamine. Excess dopamine = schizophrenia and deficit = Parkinsons.
41
Tardive dyskinesia
Muscle tremors and stiffness, caused by extensive use of antipsychotic drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia. Symptoms similar to Parkinson's.
42
Double bind theory
Suggests that schizophrenia is caused by conflicting/contradictory messages in a person's environment, causing a distorted way of thinking.
43
Diathesis stress model
Suggests that environmental factors can help biological predispositions expose themselves.
44
Antisocial personality disorder
Little regard for the feelings of others, views the world as an "everyone for themselves" situation.
45
Dependant personality disorder
Relying extensively on the attention and help of others.
46
Paranoia personality disorder
Constantly feeling persecuted.
47
Narcissistic personality disorder
Views self as the center of the world
48
Histrionic personality disorder
Overly dramatic behavior.
49
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
Less debilitating than OCD.
50
OCD
Persistent and unwanted thoughts that cause anxiety (obsessions) drive someone to do something to reduce that anxiety (compulsion), used to be classified as an anxiety disorder, includes hoarding and body dysmorphia.
51
PTSD
Used to be classified as an anxiety disorder,
52
Paraphilia/psychosexual disorder
Being sexually attracted to something usually not seen as sexual. Usually more in men.
53
Fetishism
Attraction to objects
54
Substance-related and addictive disorder
When an addictive substance or behavior starts negatively affecting a person's life,
55
Autism
A neurodevelopmental disorder, symptoms include: less social. emotional dignity, hypersensitivity, engage in simple and repetitive actions.
56
Attention Deficit Hyperactive disorder
Overdiagnosed a lot.
57
Alzheimer's
A kind of neurocognitive disease.
58
The Rosenhan study
Studied the influence of labels. David Rosenhan experimented by pretending to be schizophrenic and getting a group of his friends into a mental asylum. They stopped faking after entering, yet none were exposed as imposters.

Psychology (12 decks)

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