AP psychology chapter 13 Flashcards
Trephining
Drilling holes into the skull to let out evil spirits, because people thought psych problems were caused by possession.
Deinstitutionalization
After the development of drugs that could moderate psychological disorder effects, many patients were released from mental hospitals in a process called deinstitutionalization. However, most patients ended up homeless and unable to care for themselves due to not getting the treatment they were promised.
Prevention
Primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention.
Primary prevention
Reducing societal problems that can cause mental illness such as homelessness.
Secondary
Working with people at high risk of mental problems such as natural disaster survivors.
Tertiary prevention
Preventing people with existing conditions from getting worse.
Psychotherapy
“Treating the mind, not the body,” involves verbal communication and interaction with psychologists and therapists, all therapists except biomedical believe in this kind of therapy.
Psychoanalytic therapy
Developed by Sigmund Freud. Believes psychological problems are caused by unconscious problems, and must be treated through analysis/by lowering the ego’s defenses and accessing the patient’s unconscious mind.
Symptom substitution
Getting rid of the symptoms but not the unconscious problem, causes the patient to successfully treat a disorder only for it to get replaced by another one.
Free association
Asking patients to say everything that comes to mind, attempts to override the ego’s defenses at censoring ourselves/repressing our memories.
Manifest content
The contents of the dream that the conscious individual remembers experiencing.
Latent content
Therapists are interested in the latent (hidden) content of dreams, which is revealed only through interpretation.
Resistance
When a patient objects to a therapist’s interpretations. Resistance is thought to protect patients from repressed memories, and the stronger the resistance, the closer the therapist is to the problem (supposedly).
Transference
When a patient develops strong feelings towards their therapist, e.g love, hate, etc.
Insight therapies
Humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies are both insight therapies, which are about making the patients understand themselves and their problems.
Humanistic therapies
Focuses on the self-actualization of patients.
Carl Rogers
Developed person (client) -centered therapy via unconditional positive regard.
Client or person-centered therapy
Gives clients unconditional positive regard, developed, which helps clients accept themselves and become self-responsible.
Active or reflective listening
Non-directive, therapists talk very little and encourage clients to talk about how they feel, sometimes mirroring feelings back for clarification.
Fritz Perls
Developed Gestalt therapy.
Gestalt therapy
Encourages clients to get in touch with their whole selves, such as exploring hidden feelings, being in the present, etc.
Existential therapies
Focuses on helping clients achieve a meaningful perception of their lives, as they believe problems are caused by a loss of or failure to develop a sense of purpose.
