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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 6 Reverse > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 6 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

site = physical location. ex. climate, water availability, soil quality, etc

A

site factors

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2
Q

situation = relative location of a place compared to other places

A

situation factors

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3
Q

process of developing towns and cities. greatest increase in urban population is in developing countries at the moment

A

urbanization

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4
Q

process of people moving from cities to residential areas just outside of the city

A

suburbanization

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5
Q

cities with a population of over 10 million

A

megacity

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6
Q

cities with population over 20 million. consist of clusters of megacities

A

metacity

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7
Q

countries with low standard of living, low per capita income, low economic productivity

A

periphery

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8
Q

countries that are more developed than periphery but less developed than core

A

semiperiphery

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9
Q

city or suburbs expanding to allow for additional population growth; takes over the surrounding land

A

sprawl

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10
Q

when more people, industry, money, and power move away from the city

A

decentralization

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11
Q

nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities

A

edge cities

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12
Q

prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs

A

exurbs

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13
Q

rapidly growing suburban cities that represent a new metropolitan form

A

boomburbs

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14
Q

integration of markets, states, communication, and trade on a global scale

A

globalization

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15
Q

a city that has influence on a global scale, not just within its region

A

world cities, global cities

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16
Q

ranking of settlements or cities based on their size and economic function

A

urban hierarchy

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17
Q

a set of interconnected entities or nodes without a center or hierarchy

A

networks, linkages

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18
Q

describes a way that the sizes of cities within a region may develop; the nth largest city in any region will be 1/n the size of the largest city

A

rank size rule

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19
Q

when the largest city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the second largest city

A

primary city, primate city

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20
Q

states that places that are larger and closer together will have a greater interaction than those that are small and far apart

A

gravity model

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21
Q

the distribution of cities and cervices is based on size

A

central place theory

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22
Q

relationship of socioeconomic status and distance from the CBD. ring 1: CBD, 2. zone of transition. 3. working class zone. 4. residential zone. 5. commuter zone.

A

burgess concentric zone model

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23
Q

modified burgess model. instead of circular zones, the wedge like sectors follow major transportation routes. low income near industry.

A

hoyt sector model

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24
Q

downtown CBD is no longer core of only business land use. metro areas develop edge cities

A

multiple nuclei model

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25
Q

spread of cities outward from the CBD. leads to declining inner city. includes edge cities

A

galactic city model

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26
Q

housing quality decreases as you get further from the city center. poverty, lack of infrastructure, shantytowns, barrios/favelas (lots of poverty, homelessness, + crime), disamenity zones (not connected to services)

A

latin american city model

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27
Q

focus on former colonial port zone; includes gov’t zone. history of chinese immigration, so many of these cities have a 2nd commercial zone based on chinese businesses. secondary sector is increasing, so industrial zones are emerging in many cities.

A

southeast asian city model

28
Q

signs of colonization; traditional CBD + colonial CBD. informal squatter settlements on the periphery. informal economy thrives (think periodic markets)

A

african city model

29
Q

what is the bidder willing to pay to be in the right location for their needs

A

bid rent theory

30
Q

high density=close to the CBD. medium=further away, getting into the suburbs. low=far away from CBD; rural areas. bid rent theory/curve + burgess model help to explain this pattern of urban land use

A

residential density gradient

31
Q

infilling occurs where open space presents an economic opportunity for landowners to build small multi-family housing units, placing more people into existing city blocks.

A

infilling

32
Q

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

A

infrastructure

33
Q

ability of an industry to be profitable enough to support itself but not hinder the potential future industries

A

sustainability

34
Q

regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions can be used

A

zoning ordinances

35
Q

mix of residential and commercial land uses instead of a clear separation

A

mixed land use

36
Q

ability of a city to sustain people without using cars

A

walkability

37
Q

maximizes amount of residential, business, and leisure space within walking distance of public transport

A

transportation oriented development

38
Q

set of policies to presurve farmland and other open, undeveloped spaces near a city

A

smart growth

39
Q

a movement seeking to reduce sprawl, increase affordable housing, + create vibrant walkable neighborhoods

A

new urbanism, urban revitalization

40
Q

areas of undeveloped land around cities

A

greenbelts

41
Q

cities with smart growth policies in place

A

slow growth cities

42
Q

an equitable distribution of housing, jobs, health care, education and respect.

A

livability

43
Q

segregation that is technically against the law but the citizens still do it

A

de facto segregation

44
Q

data that’s descriptive and conceptual. ex. field studies and narratives

A

qualatative data

45
Q

data that can be counted, measured. ex. census and survey data

A

quantatative data

46
Q

the collection of information from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions

A

survey data

47
Q

when realtors and/or banks refuse to give someone a loan/show them houses in a certain area because of their race/ethnicity

A

housing discrimination

48
Q

a discriminatory practice by which banks, insurance companies, real estate agencies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, etc., within specific geographic areas

A

redlining

49
Q

people of one ethnic group are frightened to selling their homes at a low price when they hear that a family of ethnic population are moving into the neighborhood

A

blockbusting

50
Q

one with housing that the general public can afford

A

affordability

51
Q

low-income (and therefore low tax) areas do not usually have as many amenities and services

A

access to services

52
Q

the very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to city services (amenities) and are controlled by gangs and drugs

A

disamenity zones, zones of abandonment

53
Q

general term to encompass low-quality housing, occupied by the poor, usually on the periphery of cities

A

squatter settlements

54
Q

local policies that tap the economic gains from rising real estate values to create affordable housing

A

inclusionary zoning

55
Q

local food is food that is produced within a short distance of where it is consumed

A

local food movements

56
Q

areas without easy access to healthy food

A

food deserts

57
Q

renovating a site within a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up

A

urban renewal, redevelopment

58
Q

the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants in the process.

A

gentrification

59
Q

development of suburbs at relatively low density + at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area

A

suburban sprawl

60
Q

cities are a key contributor to climate change, as urban activities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions

A

cities and climate change

61
Q

cities are notorious for polluting the water and air

A

cities and air/water quality

62
Q

tracks the use of productive surface areas–how are cities using their resources?

A

ecological footprint

63
Q

a former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination.

A

brownfields

64
Q

separates urban areas from the surrounding natural and agricultural lands, or greenbelts

A

urban growth boundaries

65
Q

discourages federal activities that would convert farmland to nonagricultural purposes

A

farmland protection policies

AP HUG (14 decks)

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